Second Semester Exam 1 Flashcards
What hormone is most responsible for physiological changes in pregnancy?
HCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
When placenta develops, which hormones does the placenta produce to maintain the rest of pregnancy?
Estrogen
Progesterone
Human placental lactogen
Relaxin
What is a zygote?
Cell formed by union of sperm and ovum
What is an embryo?
Second to eighth week of development
When does the fetus develop?
ninth week to until birth
What is the fetus most vulnerable to?
Teratogens: drugs alcohol infections, viruses rubella syphillis toxoplasmosis
What is foramen ovale?
Opening between left and right atria
Where is the ductus arteriosus?
connects pulmonary artery to the aorta
Where is the ductus venosus?
Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
What is the function of amniotic fluid?
Maintains an even temperature
Prevents the amniotic sac from adhering to the fetal skin
Allows symmetrical growth of fetus
Allows buoyancy and fetal movement
Acts as a cushion to protect the fetus and umbilical cord from injury
What are abnormalities of the amniotic fluid?
Polyhydramnios-excessive amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios-less than expected fluid
What is the function of the umbilical cord?
Provide nutrients and oxygenation
Remove waste products
What is the structure of the umbilical cord?
AVA (Artery/Vein/Artery)
Two umbilical arteries
One umbilical vein
Wharton’s jelly
What are body system changes of the reproductive system during pregnancy?
Reproduction System Breasts Increased blood supply Increased size Darkened pigmentation Ovulation and menses cease Uterus Increased size, weight & shape Increased contractibility Braxton Hicks
What are cardiovascular changes in body systems during pregnancy?
Hypervolemia of Pregnancy Blood volume increases by 50 % or 1500ml Heart enlarges slightly Heart rate increases 15 to 20 BPM Systolic murmurs common Physiological anemia of pregnancy Plasma blood volume increase > RBC increase Iron deficiency anemia Hgb 11.0g/dl and Hematocrit <33 Blood Pressure Position Effects Supine Hypotension Increased WBCs in absence of infection 15,000 Hypercoagulation – fibrinogen increases by 50% Decreased risk of post partum (PP) hemorrhage Increased risk of DVT