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Earth Science > Second Quiz > Flashcards

Second Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Astronomy?

A

The science that studies the universe

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2
Q

What was scientist Eratosthenes known for?

A

Used angles of the noonday sun to establish the size of the earth

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3
Q

What did the geocentric Model show?

A

All planets orbit around the earth

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4
Q

What did the Heliocentric Model show?

A

Earth and the other planets orbit the sun

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5
Q

What did the Ptolemaic system show?

A

The universe & planets

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6
Q

What is the Retrograde motion?

A

The westward motion of the planets with respect to the stars

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7
Q

Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?

A

Certified that earth is a planet and model with sun in center

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8
Q

Who is Tycho Brahe?

A

Built instruments to measure the locations of planets such as Mars

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9
Q

Who discovered the three laws?

A

Johannes Kepler

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10
Q

What are the three laws?

A
  1. Orbits of the planets are elliptical
  2. Planets revolve around the sun at varying speed
  3. Relationship between planet’s orbital period and distance to sun
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11
Q

What is an ellipse?

A

An oval-shaped path

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12
Q

What is an astronomical unit (AU)?

A

The average distance between the earth & sun; 150 million km

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13
Q

Who is Galileo Galilei?

A

His descriptions of the behavior of moving objects

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14
Q

What did Galilei develop?

A

The telescope

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15
Q

What were Galiei discoveries?

A
  1. Four moons orbit Jupiter
  2. Planets are circular disks, not just points of light
  3. Venus has phases just like the moon
  4. The moon’s surface is not smooth
  5. The sun has sun sports or dark regions
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16
Q

Who is Sir Issac Newton?

A

The first to formulate and test the law of gravitation

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17
Q

Two key points of Universal Gravitation

A
  • Gravitational force decreases with distance
  • The greater the mass of an object, the greater is its gravitational force
18
Q

What are the two main motions of Earth?

A

Rotation and revolution

19
Q

What is the third motion called?

A

Precession and is a very slow motion of Earth’s axis

20
Q

What is rotation?

A

The turning, or spinning, of a body on it’s axis (1,000 MPH)

21
Q

What are the two measurements for rotation?

A

Mean solar day and Sidereal day

22
Q

Mean Solar day measurement

A

From one noon to the next (24 hours)

23
Q

Sidereal day

A

The time it takes for Earth to make one complete rotation (360)

24
Q

How long does it take for earth to make one rotation and have the stars lined up in the same?

A

23 hours and 56 minutes

25
Q

What is revolution?

A

The motion of a body, such as a planet or moon, along a path around some point in space

26
Q

What is Perihelion?

A

The time in January when Earth is closest to the sun

27
Q

What is Aphelion?

A

The time in July when Earth is farthest from the sun

28
Q

What is precession?

A

Traces out a cone over a period of 26,000 years

29
Q

What is perigee?

A

The point at which the moon is closest to Earth

30
Q

What is Apogee?

A

The point at which the moon is farthest from Earth

31
Q

What is the synodic month?

A

The cycle of the moon phases 29 1/2 days

32
Q

What is the sidereal month?

A

The true period of the moon’s revolution around earth 27 1/3 days

33
Q

When did solar eclipses occur?

A

The moon moves in a line directly between Earth and the sun, casting a shadow on Earth

34
Q

When do Lunar eclipses occur?

A

When the moon passes through Earth’s shadow

35
Q

What is a crater?

A

The depression at the summit of a volcano or a depression produced by a meteorite impact

36
Q

What are rays?

A

A system of bright, elongated streaks

37
Q

What are highlands?

A

Densely pitted, light-colored areas

38
Q

What is Maria?

A

Ancient beds of basaltic lava, originated when asteroids punctured the surface and led to magma bleed out

39
Q

What is a rille?

A

A long channel associated with lunar Maria and is similar to a valley or trench

40
Q

What is the lunar regolith?

A

A thin, gray layer on the surface of the moon, consisting of loosely compacted fragmented material

Earth Science (4 decks)

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