Second Language Acquisition Flashcards
Interlangauge
combination or L1 and L2 grammar, often overgeneralize L2 rules
Marked vs. Unmarked
Unmarked - common and universal across languages
Marked - complex and uncommon
X is more marked than Y if X implies the presence of Y but not vice versa.
Null subject parameter
when it is grammatically correct to drop the subject in a sentence
positive evidence
models of what is grammatical, can easily reset parameters
negative evidence
evidence of what is ungrammatical, difficulty resetting parameters
explicit vs. implicit knowledge
explicit - consciously aware, verbal, knowledge about language
implicit - unconscious, non verbal, knowledge of language
declarative vs. procedural
declarative - knowing about
procedural - knowing how
can switch between
input hypothesis
acquisition takes place automatically without consciousness
Trahey and White study
10-12 y/o francophones learned adjectives in french the english way. they learned to speak french wrong then weren’t able to learn in the right way. proves L2 learners need negative evidence
verb raising
making the verb closer to the beginning of the sentence. doesn’t happen in english but does in french
output hypothesis
opportunities for practice and fluency, can’t learn from just listening
noticing hypothesis
learners must engage in active processing - noticing the difference between target and interlanguage
interaction hypothesis
input - noticing - comparing - integrating - output
types of motivation
instrumental - because you have to
integrative - because you want to
form focused instruction
drawing the learners attention to form implicitly or explicitly
