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US History 2 > Second industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Second industrial Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors contributed to the growth of industry?

A
  1. Plentiful natural resources
  2. Improved transportation
  3. Growing population
  4. High immigration
  5. New inventions
  6. Investment capital
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2
Q

What is a patent?

A

Government document giving an inventor exclusive rights to his/her product for a number of years

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3
Q

What is the bessemer process?

A

Process to blast hot air on steel to burn off impurities

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4
Q

What is standard time?

A

System that divides the United States into 4 time zones. Used to make transportation and business across the country be on the right time.

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5
Q

What is a corporation?

A

A business owned by investors who buy part of the company through shares of stock. A coporation owns into many different types of trades and types of products.

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6
Q

What is a trust?

A

A legal group created to hold stock in many companies, often in the same industry.

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7
Q

What is a monopoly?

A

A company that tries to wipe out competition and control an industry onto themselves.

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8
Q

What is are philanthropists?

A

People who give large sums of money to charities.

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9
Q

What is the Gilded Age?

A

A time period where the wealth of America disguised society’s problems, including corrupt politics and widespread poverty.

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10
Q

What are sweatshops?

A

Places where workers labored for long hours under poor conditions for low wages.

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11
Q

What is socialism?

A

Economic system where all members of society own all businesses, sharing work and profits

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12
Q

What is anarchism?

A

Belief in the abolishment of all governments

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13
Q

What spurred the second industrial revolution?

A

The development of steel

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14
Q

What was steel used for?

A
  1. Heavy machinery
  2. Railroad tracks
  3. Bridges
  4. Skyscrapers
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15
Q

Who developed the Bessemer process?

A

William Kelly and Henry Bessemer

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16
Q

What were the advantages of the Bessemer process?

A

It made it faster and inexpensive to produce steel

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17
Q

What are the advantages of steel?

A
  1. Industrial cities developed (Cleveland; Pittsburgh; Gary, Indiana)
  2. Railroad were made longer because of stronger rails
  3. Buildings could go higher and bridges longer
  4. Used in nail and wire because it doesn’t rust
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18
Q

What natural resource contributed to the second indistrial revolution?

A

Oil

19
Q

What is another name (nickname) for oil?

A

Black gold

20
Q

What was oil originally used for?

A

Native Americans used it for medicinal purposes.

It was also used to grease wagon wheels and as fuel in lamps (whale oil)

21
Q

What was Edwin Drake known for?

A

He created a steam engine to drill for oil in Titusville, PA.
The well produced 20 barrels a day.

22
Q

What are three oil products?

A
  1. Kerosene
  2. Waxes
  3. Lubricating oils
23
Q

What did Elijah McCoy invent?

A

A lubricating cup to feed oil to machine parts while they were running (used in cars today)

24
Q

How did steel improve the rail trip from New York to Chicago?

A

Steel made railroads longer and stronger.

It changed the trip from 17 stops to just 1 stop

25
Q

Where and when was the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad?

A

Promontory Point, Utah, 1869

26
Q

What did George Westinghouse invent?

A

An air brake for railcars to safely slow all cars at the same time

27
Q

What are 4 consequences of travel by railroad?

A
  1. Linked economies of west and east
  2. Helped people settle the west
  3. Weakened Native American claims
  4. People controlled the environment more
28
Q

List 6 other inventions during the second industrial revolution.

A
  1. Horseless carriage (automobile)
  2. Airplane
  3. Telephone
  4. Typewriter
  5. Light bulb
  6. Tesla coil
29
Q

Who invented the first automoble?

A

Nicholas Joseph Cugnot

30
Q

Who invented the first gasoline internal combustion engine?

A

Nicholas Otto

31
Q

Who invented the first airplane?

A

Orville and Wilbur Wright brothers

32
Q

Who invented the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

33
Q

Who invented the first typewriter?

A

Christopher Sholes

34
Q

Who invented the light bulb?

A

Thomas Edison

35
Q

Who invented the Tesla Coil?

A

George Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla

36
Q

What are the advantages of a corporation?

A
  1. By selling stock, corporations can raise large amounts of stock.
  2. A corporation exists after the founders’ deaths.
  3. Corporation limits the risks to its investors, who do not have to pay off the corporations debt.
  4. Banks are more willing to lend money to a corporation.
37
Q

Who was John D. Rockefeller?

A
  1. A leader in the oil industry
  2. Worked to put competitors out of business by building a monopoly
  3. Philanthropist who gave $500 million to charities
38
Q

How did John D. Rockefeller work to put competitors out of business?

A
  1. Made secret deals with the railroads for reduced prices on transport.
  2. Built and purchased his own pipelines.
  3. Bought other refineries
39
Q

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

A
  1. Leader in the steel industry

2. Philanthropist who gave $350 million to charities

40
Q

What did Anrew Carnegie do that helped him become a leader in the steel industry?

A
  1. Tried to beat his competitors by making the best and cheapest steel.
  2. Bought mines, ships and railroads for transportation of ore and coal.
41
Q

What was the time period when rags-to-riches stories came about and when people believed in the American Dream called?

A

Gilded Age

42
Q

What is guild?

A

The process of coating an object with gold leaf

43
Q

Why was the Gilded Age called the Gilded Age?

A

Because money overshadowed the problems society was having (common worker)

US History 2 (3 decks)

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