Second Half of Semester Flashcards
What are the four types of wood
pulpwood, studwood, sawlogs, veneer
What are the types of forest cutting
Clearcut, Pre commercial thinning, commercial thinning, Sheltercut, Selectcut
High Grading
Taking the best quality logs in the stand only, results in wolf trees. We combat this by leaving some trees to propagate their seeds
What are the two types of regrowth
Natural post harvesting: more biodiversity, low cost, 80-100 years
Plantations: better quality, able to choose genotypes, 40 years
Why are old growths important
They are important as they are a source of nutrients for fungi and other organisms, they contribute the nutrient cycling and storage, influence forest fire behaviour and are a niche habitat type.
What are the stages of forest succession
Initiation- Rapid growth of early successional plants
stem growth- trees compete until all space is filled
stratification- competition for resources begins to create differentiated canopy layers and weaker trees die
understory- once some trees die, some space becomes available, new trees create underlayer
old growth- mature trees die, gaps of light are created, understory grows into canopy
What are the stages of tree death
Live, declining, dead, loose bark, clean, broken, decomposing, down material, stump
describe the types of shade tolerance
Intolerant- grows fast and reproduces fast, usually occurs after local disturbance
Intermediate tolerance- able to persist under canopy and waits until disturbance for rapid growth
Tolerant- grows slow and lives longer, reproduces slower
How many trees do we have in fredericton? How do they contribute
We have more than 20,000 trees in fredericton plus the ones in green spaces and in parks. The help with carbon storage, sequestration, oxygen production and prevent soil erosion.
What does the fredericton team do for the trees
Plants more than 500 trees a year, treats 600 trees for EAB, removes 350 trees a year, treats 100 treats for DED, maintains 7 year pruning cycle.
What are the pests and diseases in fredericton trees, what are the challenges they face
Oak wilt, EAB, DED, Asain longhorn beetle, Hemlock wooly aledgid, beech bark disease, brownspruce longhorn beetle.
They are threatened by temperature, extreme events are precipitation
What is QMD
QMD is a measure of central tendency which is considered more appropriate than arithmetic mean for characterizing a group of measured trees, it will always be larger than DBH mean.
What is two eyed seeing
Two eyed seeing or walking on two legs seeks to bring indigenous knowledge together with western scientific knowledge
What is indigenous knowledge
Indigenous knowledge is a living and evolving body of knowledge that is scrutinized and tested in accordance with the techniques passed down from our ancestors, elder and knowledge keepers. We teach an learn though song, dance, visions, dreams, stories and our connection with the land.
What are pioneer species
Pioneer species are hardy species that are the first to colonize after disturbance. They grow quickly and are able to spread their seed far. Eg. WB, PC, TA, RM. They reduce the risk of soil erosion and canopy loss after a local disturbance.
