second formulation of the categorical imperative

Question 1

The Principle of humanity as an end not a means.

Answer 1

So acts as to treat humanity whether in your own person or in that of any other in every case at the same time as an end never as a means only.

• So act as to treat humanity whether in your own person or in that of any other in every case at the same time as an end, never as a means only.
• You must no use others in pursuit of an ethical end

Question 2

example- hydroelectric power scheme

Answer 2

Good for most but cuts water supply for other people suffers as a means to an end.

• Morally wrong to build the damn, deflects the purpose- helps people but doesn’t help all people.
• Self-worth is importance.

Question 3

example- starve

Answer 3

Eg, wrongly for x to starve in order to feed y. since x=y. maybe admirable but not at the expense of self-destruction/ self-harm.

Question 4

The principle of the universal kingdom of ends

Answer 4

Act according to the maxims of a member of a merely possible kingdom of ends legislating in it universally.
Everyone treats themselves as ends in themselves, create maxim to treat everyone as means to an end in themselves.
State of affairs in which all members of a cosiest desires the same good a society that designs the moral law. That want to achieve a state of fairs where conflict is removed, and all humans realise their common aims.

Question 5

Examples- axe murderer.

Axe murderer questions someone about a victim.

Answer 5

Kantian believes that you should tell the truth.
- Reasons about consequences- we can never know the consequences however, we have control of our actions and intentions.
- Duty to tell- leads to murder of the victim- not to blame, be morally praised for your duty for sticking to your duty.
Means to an end
Means= way End= goal

Question 6

Shopkeeper example-

Answer 6

Shopkeeper used the worker as a means to an end but don’t only use them as a means to an end only.
The shopkeeper pays the worker.
You can use people as a means to an end but don’t use people as a means to an end only.

Question 7

means to an end why is that bad?

Answer 7

Stealing from me, lying. Drugging, kidnapping me or murdering me etc would be to involve me in acts that I haven’t had the opportunity to consent to. The person would be using me merely s a means to further their own ends, and not as an autonomous being with my own ends.