Second Exam

Question 1

Every movement leaves a trace

Answer 1

closed loop

Question 2

muscles act in a way similar to rubber bands

Answer 2

mass spring

Question 3

based on the principle of thermodynamics in complex systems

Answer 3

dynamical systems

Question 4

groups of muscles work together as a unit

Answer 4

coordinative structures

Question 5

generalized motor programs

Answer 5

schema theory

Question 6

percentage of prediction given

r= -.50

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

The index of difficulty given A=8 and W=1

Answer 7

ID 4

Question 8

forceful movements made at this pt of the subjects capability can reduce spatial and timing error

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

the index of difficulty given A=32 and W=1/2

Answer 9

7

Question 10

What is r given the points
(1,1)
(2,2)
(3,3)

Answer 10

r=1

Question 11

number between -1 and 1 that escribes the relationship between 2 variables

Answer 11

correlation coefficient

Question 12

genetic enduring traits that underlie skilled performance

Answer 12

abilities

Question 13

type of trace responsible for initiating movement

Answer 13

memory trace

Question 14

the variable or bariables which affect the primary nature of teh movement

Answer 14

collective variable

Question 15

movement forms which are the most functional for an individual

Answer 15

behavioral attractors

Question 16

2 arguments against the existance of motor programs

Answer 16

storage

novelty

Question 17

law that suggests that an increase in spring length results in a proportional increase in tension

Answer 17

hooks law

Question 18

2 instances where the speed accurace trade off does not hold true

Answer 18

timing errors

forceful movemtns

Question 19

3 types of research used as evidence in support of motor programs

Answer 19

RT and movemnt complexity
Deafferentation
Blocking a limb

Question 20

components of the abstract code

Answer 20

order of events
timing of events
force required

Question 21

2 factors which comprise the index of difficulty

Answer 21

movement ampliude (A)
target width (w)

Question 22

the ratio of individual muscle movement times to the overall movement time

Answer 22

relative timing

Question 23

part or parts of a set of movements that remain constant as the movement speed amplitude or load change

Answer 23

invarient features

Question 24

abilities are important in the study of individual differences because they allow this

Answer 24

prediction

Question 25

Closed loop theory

Answer 25

Memory/Perceptual 2 states/traces required for system to be capable of detecting its own errors
Memory trace initiates resp then perceptual treces compares to feedback

Question 26

Closed loop theory criticisms

Answer 26

storage and retrieval
how are movements attempted for the first tiem controlled
requires sufficient time for feedback

Question 27

Schema Theory

Cognative

Answer 27

generalized motor program consists of 2 mem states which initiate control and retain movement
recall/initiate
recognition/compare
TOF
3 research

Question 28

Schema theory criticisms

Answer 28

storage problem
novelty problem
weakness attention demanding time consuming

Question 29

mass spring theory

emotional

Answer 29

agonist and antagonist muscles act on limbs in ways similar to springs or rubber bands
Hooks law
simple
less demand on memory

Question 30

mass spring theory

criticisms

Answer 30

model too simplistic muscles are non linear w/ force

muscles are not like springs or rubber bands

Question 31

Coordinative structures

Answer 31

groups of muscles controlled as functional units many degrees of freedom are temporarily constrained to act as a single unit
criticisms little explanation for the role of the brain and cognition

Question 32

Dynamical systems

Answer 32

movement patters are self organized to function within a given skeletomuscular context
when changes occur in the systems due to phys growth or change in E flow

Question 33

Fitts Law

Answer 33

MT (avg)= a+b (log2(2A/w)
speed accuracy trade off
sources of error
70%

Question 34

relative timing

Answer 34

individual muscle movement time/ total movement time

Question 35

Approaches

Answer 35

intuitive
scatterplots
correlation coefficient