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second exam Flashcards

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1
Q

define personality

A

an individuals unique but consistent psychological makeup

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2
Q

what is the structure of personality (pyramid)

A
  1. role related behaviors
  2. typical responses to situations
  3. psychological core

Have internal, external, dynamic and constant

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3
Q

define psychological core

A

It is who we are, and doesnt change much

  1. self perception
  2. basic attitudes
  3. values
  4. interests
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4
Q

explain “typical responses to situations”

A

our fairly predictable behaviors and ways of reacting to our environment

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5
Q

explain role related behaviors

A

variable, daily behaviors influenced by the particular context you are in
1. most easily changed and influenced by the environment

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6
Q

list 3 reasons why we should study personality and behavior

A
  1. To determine antecedents of participation in physical activity
  2. to determine psychological consequences of participation in physical activity
  3. knowing a persons traits can be helpful in prescribing exercise programs
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7
Q

what are the 3 body types

A
  1. endomorph
  2. ectomorph
  3. mesomorph
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8
Q

describe the ectomorph body type

A
  1. linearity
  2. tallness
  3. leanness

Personality

  1. tense
  2. introverted
  3. socially restrained
  4. inhibited
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9
Q

describe the endomorph body type

A
  1. plump
  2. fat
  3. roundness

Personality

  1. affectionate
  2. sociable
  3. relaxed
  4. jovial
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10
Q

describe the mesomorph body type

A
  1. inverted triangle
  2. athletic body type

personality

  1. adventurous
  2. risk taking
  3. dominant
  4. aggressive
  5. commanding
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11
Q

who created the body type to personality correlation

A

Sheldon

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12
Q

what are the 3 main dimensions of eysenck’s personality theory

A
  1. extroversion-introversion
  2. neuroticism-stability
  3. psychoticism-superego
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13
Q

explain extroverts according to Eysenck

A
  1. outgoing, sociable, optimistic
  2. driven by level of cortical arousal in cortex of brain
  3. lower base level activation, seek further stimulation, high pain tolerance
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14
Q

explain introverts according to Eysenck

A
  1. reserved, unsociable, quiet
  2. reticular formation mediates cortical arousal
  3. higher base level activation, avoid further stimulation, makes them uncomfortable low pain tolerance
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15
Q

describe neuroticism and stability according to Eysenck

A

Neuroticism:
1. tense, anxious, moody
2. High N=more adaptable longer lasting ANS reactions
and continues to process
stressor even when it is no longer present

Stability
1. calm, even tempered

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16
Q

explain Psychoticism and super ego according to Esyneck

A

Psychoticism:
1. impulsive, aggressive, hostile
Superego
1. empathetic, cooperative, altruistic

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17
Q

Extroverts and Exercise

A
  1. exercise results in increased stimulation which allows for exercise adherence
  2. high pain tolerance
  3. preference for higher intensity activity
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18
Q

5 factor Model

A
  1. Openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extraversion-introversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism
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19
Q

exercise traits of the Conscientiousness portion of OCEAN

A
  1. increased self reported exercise
  2. increased adaptive exercise patterns
  3. advanced exercise stages
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20
Q

exercise traits of Extrovert-Introvert portion of OCEAN

A
  1. increased moderate and strenuous exercise behavior
  2. increased slef reported exercise
  3. increased adaptive exercise patterns
  4. increased advanced exercise stages
  5. increased exercise dependence
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21
Q

exercise traits of agreeableness portion of OCEAN

A

decreased exercise dependence

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22
Q

exercise traits of neuroticism portion of OCEAN

A
  1. decreased exercise adherence
  2. decreased self reported exercise
  3. decreased adaptive exercise patterns
  4. decreased advanced exercise stages
  5. increased exercise dependence
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23
Q

what are the different categories for Myers-Briggs

A
  1. Extraversion Intraversion
  2. sensing- intuition
  3. thinking- feeling
  4. judging-perceiving
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24
Q

Myers briggs:

extroverts

A
  1. focus attention on the outer world
  2. energized and motivated by interaction with others
  3. external processors
25
Q

myers briggs:

introversion

A
  1. focus attention on the inner world of ideas
  2. intentional, reflective, thinks before they speak
  3. prefers written communication
26
Q

Myers briggs:

sensing

A
  1. stick to the facts
  2. lots of instruction and details
  3. focus on the here and now
27
Q

myers briggs:

intuition

A
  1. see the big picture and future possibilities
  2. idea driven
  3. take information from patterns
28
Q

Myers-Briggs:

thinking

A
  1. make decisions based on logic and objective analysis
  2. head rules heart
  3. analytical, matter of fact
29
Q

myers briggs:

feeling

A
  1. heart rules head, looks for harmony
  2. decisions based on values and subjective evaluation
  3. ask lots of people for their thoughts and opinions
30
Q

Myers-briggs:

judging

A
  1. planned and organized approach to life
  2. prefer to have things settled in advance
  3. organized, structured, calendar, to do lists
31
Q

Myers-Briggs:

perceiving

A
  1. like flexibility and spontaneous approach to life
  2. flexible and can easily adapt to change
  3. prefer to keep options open
32
Q

types of gender role orientation

A
  1. Instrumental (masculine)
  2. expressive (feminine)
  3. androgynous
33
Q

Type A behavior pattern

A
  1. achievement striving
  2. competitiveness
  3. sense of time urgency
  4. preoccupation with deadlines
  5. impatient
  6. hard-driving
34
Q

3 C’s of hardiness

A
  1. sense of control over events
  2. commitment, dedication, involvement in everyday life
  3. perceive life events as challenges rather than as stressors
35
Q

define stress

A
  1. imbalance in physiological systems that activates a physiological and behavioral response to restore balance
36
Q

what biological, psychological, and interpersonal factors cause stress

A

Biological:

  1. substance abuse
  2. nutritional Excess

Psychological:

  1. perfectionist attitudes
  2. obsessiveness
  3. compulsiveness
  4. need for control

Interpersonal:

  1. lack of social skills
  2. shyness
  3. insecurity
  4. loneliness
37
Q

what are the 6 responses to stress

A
  1. stress response (catecholamines and cortisol)
  2. primary appraisals
  3. secondary appraisals
  4. homeostasis
  5. allostasis
  6. general adaptation syndrome
38
Q

what are the components of the Cross Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis

A
  1. stressor of sufficient intensity and or duration willinduce adaptation of stress response systems
  2. become apparent under other similar taxing states
  3. habituation
  4. sensitization
  5. active stressors
  6. passive stressors
39
Q

what are the 3 measurements of stress

A
  1. self report measures
    - Perceived stress scale
  2. cardiovascular measures
    - heart rate
    - blood pressure
  3. hormonal measurement
    - catecholamines
    - cortisol levels
40
Q

define anxiety

A

the perception and concern over the threat are disproportionate to the actual threat

41
Q

what are 6 main anxiety disorders

A
  1. panic disorder
  2. agoraphobia
  3. social phobia
  4. Obsessive compulsive disorder
  5. post traumatic stress disorder
  6. generalized anxiety disorder
42
Q

what percent of US adults will have a diagnosable anxiety disroder

A

18.7%

43
Q

symptoms of anxiety

A
  1. unpleasant feelings
  2. bodily symptoms
  3. changes in cognitions
  4. changes in behavior
  5. vigilance
44
Q

define depression

A

disorders that influence mood regulation beyond the usual variations between sadness and happiness

45
Q

4 main depressive disorders

A
  1. major depressive disorder
  2. bipolar disorder
  3. dysthymia
  4. cyclothymia
46
Q

what is the Anthropoligical Hypothesis

A

Tries to explain why we have health problems

  1. we no longer have to engage in vigorous activity for our survival
  2. we are genetically predisposed to be physically active
47
Q

explain the endorphin hypothesis

A
  1. during stress the body produces endorphins

2. increase in endorphins may reduce depressions

48
Q

explain monoamine hypothesis

A
  1. effects of exercise on depression are due to altered brain neurotransmitters(serotonin, nor-epinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine
  2. neurotransmitters have all been implicated in the regulation of emotion
  3. exercise increases the rate of neurotransmitter productions
49
Q

Mastery hypothesis

A
  1. psychological effects of exercise are derived from the accomplishment or mastery felt upon completion
  2. mastery gives a sense of greater self worth and personal control over the envornment
50
Q

social interaction hypothesis

A
  1. exercise provides an individual an opportunity to interact with others
  2. this hypothesis may account for part of depression reduction, but it cannot be the sole explanation
51
Q

define well-being

A

a greater amount of positive affect than negative affect

52
Q

define emotions

A

an immediate response to a specific stimulus that requires some level of cognitive input

53
Q

define moods

A
  1. subjective states that have a cognitive basis

2. can enhance or interfere with purposive behavior

54
Q

define affect

A

1a more general response

55
Q

4 effects of exercise on emotional well-being

A
  1. reduction of negative emotions
  2. increase in positive emotions
  3. greater self confidence and self esteem
  4. improved cognitive function
56
Q

4 negative psychological effects of exercise

A
  1. overtraining
  2. staleness syndrome
  3. depression
  4. exercise dependence syndrome
57
Q

what are the 5 Mechanisms of Change Hypotheses

A
  1. Anthropological
  2. Endorphin
  3. Monoamine
  4. Mastery
  5. Social Interaction
58
Q

habituation

A

the diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus

59
Q

sensitization

A
  • Sensitization is a non-associative learning process in which repeated administration of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response.
  • Sensitization often is characterized by an enhancement of response to a whole class of stimuli in addition to the one that is repeated.

Exercise Psychology (2 decks)

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