second exam Flashcards
types of love in psych
Eros (romantic love), Agape (selfless love), Filia (friendship love)
How do high expectations of romantic love affect us
we tend to idealize and romanticize love, expecting it to be perfect and fulfilling, which can lead to disappointment or unrealistic expectations.
Robert Sternberg’s Theory of Love
Love is a combination of three components: intimacy, commitment, and passion.
types of love
Intimacy: Liking, friendship, closeness.
Commitment: Empty love, like arranged marriages or staying together for external reasons.
Passion: Infatuation, physical attraction, “love at first sight.”
Sternberg’s 4 Types of Love?
Romantic love: Intimacy + Passion.
Companionate love: Intimacy + Commitment.
Fatuous love: Passion + Commitment.
Consummate love: Intimacy + Commitment + Passion.
Helen Fisher’s 3 Stages of Love?
Stage 1: Lust – Driven by testosterone and estrogen.
Stage 2: Attraction – Focus on one person, adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin.
Stage 3: Attachment – Oxytocin release, promotes closeness and long-term bonding.
How does love affect us like a drug?
Love activates similar brain areas as cocaine, causing addiction-like behaviors (tolerance, withdrawal, relapse), and people can obsess over their partner.
Men and women’s different love expressions?
: Evolutionary psychology suggests that women are more inclined to “tend and befriend” (seeking attachment), while men are more prone to face danger and form bonds through activities.
What is the Superiority Illusion?
The belief that you are better than average in qualities like intelligence, kindness, or looks, even though most people are statistically average.
The Dunning-Kruger Effect?
People who are less informed often overestimate their knowledge, while those who know more understand the complexity and their limitations.
How does social support impact health?
Social and emotional support from friends, family, or pets can boost immune function, promote positive health, and improve well-being.
The role of exercise in health?
Regular exercise enhances physical and psychological well-being, improves social connections, and promotes a positive attitude toward health.
How does positive emotionality affect health?
Positive emotions strengthen the immune system, enhance longevity, and improve overall health and resilience.
What is the role of altruism in health?
Helping others and volunteering are linked to better health and increased longevity, promoting social bonds and positive emotions.
How does humor impact health?
A good sense of humor boosts personal well-being, helps recovery from illness, and strengthens immune functioning.
How does music influence health
Music, especially relaxing sounds, improves mood, reduces stress, and supports overall health, even helping with recovery from illness.
how does emotional expression impact health?
Expressing emotions, especially through writing or crying, can reduce stress, improve well-being, and help in processing feelings of regret or hurt.
What is the difference between PTSD and PTG?
PTSD is the ongoing trauma from a traumatic event, while PTG (Post-Traumatic Growth) refers to the positive psychological change that can occur after adversity.
What are active and avoidance coping strategies?
Active coping: Directly addressing the problem and finding solutions.
Avoidance coping: Distracting oneself or focusing on the pain, often leading to unaddressed issues.
Stages of coping with adversity?
Shipwreck (Stage 1): Life crashes in, causing shock and loss.
Gladness (Stage 2): We survive and find new possibilities.
Amazement (Stage 3): We gain new awareness and see life differently.
Dopamine
- B. Dopamine
- Desire and reward areas of the brain stimulated – same areas as affected by cocaine! – less need for sleep, less need for food, delight in the smallest detail, the curl of her hair, the rise and fall of chest when sleeping
- C. serotonin
- Helps us to experience pleasure – and explains why we think about out new love all the time – serotonin levels of new lovers correlated to the basic levels serotonin in OCD
oxytocin
the cuddle hormone
what hormone is released during orgasm and when nursing
oxytocin
Attribution story
- it is easy to blame those we dislike, to see the faults of other, if we paint them all as bad!
- Reciprocity with a vengeance +self serving bias
- I am good, you are evil
- We are right, you are wrong
Functional abilities
Are we able to accomplish everyday tasks (increases and decreases with age)
Vagal tone and heart rate variability (HRV)
- HRV measures self regulatory strength
- People with high HRV experience more positive emotions
- Feel more socially connected
- Increased by physical exercises
- Heart disease and depression correlated
social interest
Alfred Adler
how do men and women benefit from marriage
men benefit physiologically from marriage and women benefit GOOD marriages
What bpm works best for us
70 cause it resembles our heart rate
What kind of emotions do regrets elicit
hot emotions
What is perceived lack of control associated with
negative affectivity
conditions for PTG
- optimists
- having friends and social network
- belief system
reappraisal
meaning making, sense making, telling the story (hot stove)
Best time to suffer
20s - we have the cognitive flexibility
key aspects of wellness
A zest for life
A way of living that maximizes potential
A sense of meaning and purpose
A sense of social responsibility
Skills for adapting to challenges of a changing environment
3 markers of excellence in wellness
biological markers, subjective experiences, and functional abilities
What does it mean to be engaged in thriving?
Thriving involves adapting to challenges creatively, making better adaptations, and acquiring more competent coping skills in the future.
What is vitality?
vitality is the energy available to oneself, defined as a “positive feeling of aliveness and energy.”
What role does the vagus nerve play in social behavior?
The activity of the vagus nerve to the heart is involved in social behavior. When functioning well, heart rates show more variability in response to social and interpersonal situations.
How do psychological factors affect the immune system?
Psychological factors can affect the immune system, and individuals can learn to increase or decrease the number of cells associated with immune functioning under certain circumstances.
What did Aristotle and Moses Maimonides say about wellness?
Aristotle’s outlook was extended by Moses Maimonides, who contended that friendship is vital for individual wellness.
What is “forest bathing”?
Forest bathing refers to going into nature and exploring the natural world without particular goals or destinations in mind, savoring the sights and sounds of nature.
What is Albert Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy?
Self-efficacy is the belief that people can make changes in their behavior if they believe they have the ability or capacity to learn the behavior to reach desired goals.
According to Haidt, what is the role of adversity in personal development?
People need adversity, setbacks, and possibly even trauma to reach the highest levels of strength, fulfillment, and personal development (according to Nietzsche), but caution is needed.
How does adversity affect relationships?
Adversity filters out unhelpful relationships and strengthens bonds with those who care. Losing someone can also increase appreciation for others in one’s life.
Does adversity change basic personality traits?
Adversity doesn’t seem to change basic personality traits but can affect second-level adaptations or life story.
What is the “elephant and rider” analogy?
The elephant controls lower-level traits, but the rider controls the life story.
What are the three ways of dealing with a crisis?
Active coping
Reappraisal (getting one’s own thoughts right and looking for silver linings)
Avoidance coping (denial, drinking, drugs, distractions)
What are the two forms of knowledge?
Explicit knowledge (learned, like in school) and tacit knowledge (procedural knowledge).
When is the strong version of the adversity hypothesis most true?
It is most true when adversity happens at the right time (young adulthood), to the right people (those with social and psychological resources), and to the right degree.
