Second 22 cards

Question 1

Hotter objects radiate more energy and have shorter wavelengths.
Ex-sun and earth. Sun is more hot

Answer 1

Relationship between radiation and temperature

Question 2

Type of radiation emitted by the sun

Answer 2

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

A term most often used to describe the radiant energy emitted from the sun, in the visible and near ultraviolet wavelengths.

Answer 3

shortwave radiation

Question 4

A term most often used to describe the infrared energy emitted by the earth and the atmosphere.

Answer 4

longwave radiation

Question 5

Average radiation total in 24 hours
Depends on:Sun angle - higher sun angle results in greater insolation
Length of day - *higher latitudes result in long summer days

Answer 5

Daily insolation

Question 6

Average radiation total for year
Also depends on sun angle and length of day
*Latitude determines annual insolation

Answer 6

Annual insolation

Question 7

movement of heat from equatorial and tropical regions toward the poles, occurring as latent and sensible heat transfer

Answer 7

Poleward heat transport

Question 8

Snow and ice, light color objects
objects or surfaces reflect light leaving the temperature to be cooler.

Answer 8

High Albedo

Question 9

Rocks and sand, darker colored objects
objects or surfaces absorb light which makes the temperature warmer.

Answer 9

Low Albedo

Question 10

Energy from Sun-Absorbed by surface
Energy from surface-Absorbed by atmosphere
Energy from Atmosphere-Counter-radiation to surface

Answer 10

global energy budget

Question 11

Substances that greatly impact cooling of the atmosphere

Answer 11

1-cloud changes range
2-aerosols

Question 12

Sensible heat transferred by (for solids; ex: touching surface) transfer of thermal energy through direct contact.

Answer 12

Conduction

Question 13

Sensible heat transferred by (for gases/liquids; ex: carried by rising air). Transfer of thermal energy through the movement of a liquid or gas.

Answer 13

Convection

Question 14

Flattened near poles - bulging around Equator
Due to centripetal force of rotation

Answer 14

Why is the Earth an oblate spheroid?

Question 15

Summer - North Pole directed 23.5° toward Sun
*Subsolar point 23.5° N (sun directly overhead)
*Circle of illumination touches Arctic & Antarctic circles
*June 21, beginning of summer in northern hemisphere
*Longest day of year in northern hemisphere

Answer 15

June solstice

Question 16

Winter - North Pole directed 23.5° away from Sun
*Subsolar point 23.5° S (sun directly overhead)
*Circle of illumination touches Arctic & Antarctic circles
*December 22, beginning of winter in northern hemisphere
*Shortest day of year in northern hemisphere

Answer 16

December solstice

Question 17

Spring (Vernal) - no tilt toward or away from Sun
*Subsolar point at Equator, passing into northern hemisphere
*Circle of illumination passes through poles
*March 21, beginning of spring in northern hemisphere

Answer 17

Spring Equinox

Question 18

Fall (Autumnal) - no tilt toward or away from Sun
*Subsolar point at Equator, passing into southern hemisphere
*Circle of illumination passes through poles
*September 22, beginning of fall in northern hemisphere

Answer 18

Fall Equinox

Question 19

What time of year does the equinox receive the maxi daily insolation?

Answer 19

June Solstice-15 hours

Question 20

-massive poleward heat transport due to very cold poles
-More frequent weather systems; also larger & more intense
-Substantial change in climate throughout the world

Answer 20

Earths axis did not tilt?

Question 21

What is the world latitude zone with the greatest seasonal variation?

Answer 21

Midlatitude

Question 22

-Sun penetrates water deeper than land
-Heat capacity of water is greater
-Water allows mixing; land does not
-More evaporation over water versus land

Answer 22

Factors that make water heat and cool faster than land

Question 23

*Latitude
*Surface type
*Coastal vs. Interior
*Elevation - temps decrease with altitude
*Atmospheric & oceanic circulation

Answer 23

Fundamental factors that influence local air temperatures

Question 24

Warmer urban areas-Vegetation removed and more asphalt
Cooler rural areas- Evapotranspiration: combined water lose by plants/soils to atmosphere

Answer 24

Why are urban areas warmer while surrounding (rural) areas are more cool?

Question 25

Time of day when temperature is highest and lowest

Answer 25

Highest temp- mid afternoon (3pm ish) Lowest temp- immediately before or after sunrise

Question 26

Greatest temp ranges in Siberia & NW N. America -Continental locations Smallest temp ranges in Equatorial oceans - Maritime influence

Answer 26

Regions with the greatest and smallest annual temp range in the world

Question 27

Feel of temperature - based on: Actual temperature & windspeed -Higher windspeed creates colder wind-chill -Body emitting heat/perspiration creates "feel"

Answer 27

wind chill index

Question 28

Feel of temperature on hot days -based on: Actual temperature & relative humidity -Higher relative humidity creates hotter conditions -Body emitting heat/inability to perspire creates "feel"

Answer 28

heat index

Question 28

evaporation, melting, sublimation

Answer 28

latent heat absorbed

Question 29

freezing, condensation, deposition

Answer 29

latent heat released

Question 30

Where is most of Earth's freshwater found?

Answer 30

glaciers and ice caps

Question 31

The cycle through which water in the hydrosphere moves; includes such processes as evaporation, precipitation, and surface and groundwater runoff -Evaporated from oceans: 430 cu km -Evaporated from land: 70 cu km

Answer 31

hydrologic cycle

Question 32

Temperature at which air, when cooled, becomes saturated Provides measure of actual moisture in air

Answer 32

dew point temperature

Question 33

Relative Humidity (RH) = 100 X (Specific Humidity / Saturation Specific Humidity) -RH is the actual amount of moisture / total amount of moisture the air can hold Adjustments to specific humidity and/or temperature can change relative humidity

Answer 33

Relationship between specific humidity and temperature

Question 34

A process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system by its surroundings.

Answer 34

adiabatic process

Question 35

Made up of water droplets or ice particles -Cloud particles form around Condensation Nuclei -Condensation nuclei include: *Tiny salt crystals *Dust *Other aerosols

Answer 35

How are clouds formed?

Question 36

blanket-like, cover most of sky -Stratus - low, cover entire sky - can be thick -Altostratus - higher stratus clouds -Cirrostratus - very high stratus clouds, often thin

Answer 36

Types of clouds-Stratiform

Question 37

vertically developed -Cumulus - globular cloud mass from rising air parcel -Altocumulus - mid-level, rounded clouds -Cirrocumulus - high-level rolls or ripples of clouds

Answer 37

Types of clouds- Cumuliform

Question 38

Types of clouds- Nimbus

Answer 38

produce rainfall

Question 39

thunderstorm clouds -Formed via thousands of rising air parcels

Answer 39

Types of clouds- Cumulonimbus

Question 40

steady rain or snow

Answer 40

Types of clouds- Nimbostratus

Question 41

high, thin, wispy clouds

Answer 41

Types of clouds- Cirrus

Question 42

forms at night when air temp falls below dew point -Forms in valleys, esp. in winter where cooling is rapid

Answer 42

Radiation fog

Question 43

forms when warm, moist air passes over cold surface -Happens in ocean where warm & cold currents pass -Famous San Francisco fog is what fog

Answer 43

Advection fog

Question 44

1. in warm clouds -water droplets condense -Droplets collide and coalesce into larger droplets -At some point, gravity takes over and droplet falls to surface as rain 2. In cold clouds - ice crystals form & grow - May form by deposition or by freezing of super-cooled water -Ice may (or may not) melt on way down to Earth's surface

Answer 44

Two ways precipitation can form

Question 45

Precipitation caused by winds blowing warm, moist air toward coastal mountains; results when warm air rises over the mountains and cools enough to form clouds that release rain and snow.

Answer 45

orographic precipitation

Question 46

precipitation that is induced when warm, moist air is heated at the ground surface, rises, cools, and condenses to form water droplets, raindrops, and eventually rainfall

Answer 46

convective precipitation

Question 47

rain snow sleet -rain falling through freezing air hail

Answer 47

Types of precipitation

Question 48

The state of atmosphere at particular place & time -can change in minutes, but usually over a day or two

Answer 48

Weather

Question 49

Is the average conditions of atmosphere in a region

Answer 49

Climate

Question 51

eye model of Earth's surface. -Shows how phenomena are organized -3-D object represented on 2-D surface

Answer 51

Map-Birds

Question 52

simplified (or idealized) version of reality

Answer 52

Model

Question 53

change in temperature as one rises in atmosphere -(°C/1000m)

Answer 53

Lapse Rate

Question 54

The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

Answer 54

Tropopause

Question 55

60 - 400km in altitude -Contains electrically charged atoms & molecules -These particles called ions -Ions created by solar radiation -Creates global electrical and magnetic fields

Answer 55

Ionosphere

Question 56

cannot be felt or measured Stored as molecular motion when water changes phase

Answer 56

Latent heat

Question 57

can be felt & measured Transferred by conduction (for solids; ex: touching surface) Transferred by convection

Answer 57

Sensible heat

Question 58

Difference between incoming and outgoing radiation

Answer 58

Net radiation

Question 59

-Ice/snow reflect sunlight - Cool Earth (high albedo) -Dark material (rock/sand) absorb sunlight - Warm Earth (low albedo)

Answer 59

Albedo

Question 60

The amount of water vapor in the air

Answer 60

Humidity

Question 61

when air can hold no more H2O

Answer 61

Saturation

Question 62

active during the day

Answer 62

Diurnal