[SEC 3] CHAPTER 6 - Transport In Humans 4.1

Question 1

Name the 5 types of white blood cells

Answer 1

1. Monocyte
2. Eosinophil
3. Basophil
4. Lymphocytes
5. Neutrophil

Question 2

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 2

The process by which a white blood cell engulfs and destroys foreign particles such as bacteria

Question 3

Lymphocytes produce antibodies that:

List the functions of the antibodies (4)

Answer 3

1. Recognise foreign particles
2. Destroy disease-causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses
3. Cause bacteria to clump together for easy ingestion by phagocytes
4. Neutralise the toxins produced by bacteria

Question 4

Name the main components of blood

Answer 4

1. Plasma
2. Red blood cells
3. White blood cells
4. Platelets

Question 5

What does plasma mostly contain other than water?

Answer 5

• soluble proteins
• dissolved mineral salts
• food substances
• excretory products
• hormones

Question 6

What does plasma transport?

Answer 6

• blood cells around the body
• nutrients from the small intestines to other parts of the body
• excretory products from organs where they are produced to excretory organs for removal
• hormones from endocrine glands to target organs

Question 7

What are the features of a red blood cell?

Answer 7

• circular, biconcave in shape (increase surface area to volume ratio)
• no nucleus
• contain a red pigment called haemoglobin (iron containing protein)

Question 8

What does haemoglobin do?

Answer 8

Helps to transport oxygen by combining reversible with oxygen

Question 9

What is are the soluble proteins which plasma transports?

Answer 9

• serum albumin
• serum globulin (functions as antibodies for immunity)
• fibrinogen (helps blood to clot)
• prothrombin (helps blood to clot)

Question 10

In the lungs where oxygen concentration is high, what happens to haemoglobin?

Answer 10

Haemoglobin binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin

Question 11

What happens to oxyhaemoglobin in tissues where oxygen concentration is low?

Answer 11

Oxyhaemoglobin releases its oxygen to the tissue cells

Question 12

What is the scientific name of red blood cells?

Answer 12

Erythrocytes

Question 13

What is the scientific name of white blood cells?

Answer 13

Iencocytes

Question 14

What is the structure of lymphocytes?

Answer 14

1) one large rounded nucleus
2) small amount of non-granular cytoplasm

Question 15

What is the structure of phagocytes?

Answer 15

1) one lobed nucleus
2) greater amount of granular cytoplasm than in lymphocytes

Question 16

What is the function of lymphocytes

Answer 16

Production of antibodies when stimulated by the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream