[SEC 3] CHAPTER 2 - kinetic particle theory

Question 1

what is the arrangement of a solid?

Answer 1

particles and very closely packed in an orderly manner
cannot be compressed because particles are very close to one another, thus have fixed or definite volume

Question 2

what is the movement of a solid?

Answer 2

particles vibrate about their fixed positions

Question 3

what is the attractive forces of a solid?

Answer 3

very strong forces of attraction, thus have fixed shape as the particles cannot move about freely

Question 4

what is the arrangement of a liquid?

Answer 4

particles are closely packed in a disorderly manner
have fixed volume as cannot be compressed because particles are packed closely togethe

Question 5

what is the movement of a liquid?

Answer 5

particles slide past one another freely

Question 6

what is the attraction forces of a liquid?

Answer 6

forces of attraction between the particles are not as strong as that in a solid
no fixed shape

Question 7

what is the arrangement of a gas?

Answer 7

very far apart in a disordely manner
no fixed or definite shape or volume

Question 8

what is the movement of a gas?

Answer 8

move about rapidly and randomly in any direction

Question 9

what is the attractive forces of a gas?

Answer 9

attractive forces between them is very weak because the particle spacing is very large, thus can be compressed

Question 10

describe what happens to the rate of diffusion when the temperature increases

Answer 10

rate of diffusion increase
reason: more thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy of the particles

Question 11

describe what happens to the rate of diffusion when the relative molecular mass increases

Answer 11

rate of diffusion decreases
reason: particles with higher mass require more kinetic energy to move at the same speed

Question 12

name and describe (in terms of particle movement and temperature) the process when carboon dioxide becomes a solid

Answer 12

name: vapour desposition
describe: the movement of particles of carbon dioxide change from moving rapidly in all directions in the gasous state to vibrating about their fiixed positions in the solid state. the temperature remains constant during this process

Question 13

usinng kinetic particle theory, describe what happenss to the particles in a liquid as it converts to the gaseous state

Answer 13

when a liquid is heated, the particles gain thermal energy. the thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy and the particles slide more quickly past each other. at the surface of the liquid in contact with air, some particles have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces to ‘escape’ from the liquid as vapour