SEC. 07 - Biomechanics of Lethal Force Encounters

Question 1

What is attention?

Answer 1

A focus on one thing

Question 2

What are the Quadrants of Attention?

Answer 2

Narrow Broad
Internal

External

Question 3

In the “attention study” performed by Force Science, the vast majority of the observations made by the officers were in which quadrant?

Answer 3

Narrow / External

Question 4

What are biomechanics?

Answer 4

Human performance / movement.

The mechanics of biological and muscular activity.

Question 5

What is the relationship between action time and reaction time?

Answer 5

Generally ….

Action beats re-action.

Question 6

How many trigger pulls can occur during the time it takes to stop shooting?

Answer 6

Two (2)

• Average time to stop shooting = .31 seconds
• Average of .25 seconds per trigger pull
• 1st round at 0 sec
• 2nd round at .25 sec

Question 7

In the “attention study” performed by Force Science, what details were participants able to remember?

Answer 7

That there was a double-barreled shotgun.

Question 8

When an officer is giving commands in a high stress life-and-death encounter, what details of the command might they remember?

Answer 8

The intent of the commands (beta) and what they actually meant but not what they actually said.

Question 9

What is the average movement time to rotate ahead 180ﾟ while engaged in running and shooting?

Answer 9

.15 to .18 seconds.

Question 10

The shot cadence time of an average officer firing a semi-automatic handgun with a short stroke and light poundage trigger, without the officer using the sites and while controlling for recoil is ________?

Answer 10

.25 seconds

Question 11

The average young subject while running at a good pace, but not sprinting, is capable of covering over 5’ in every stride at a stride “time” of ________?

Answer 11

?????

Question 12

What phenomenon often occurs in tandem with, but is the opposite of selective attention?

Answer 12

Inattentional blindness.

Question 13

Green’s summary of the literature on the braking (stop driving) reaction was that an unexpected signal to stop resulted and the stopping reaction taking ________ compared to when the signal to stop was expected?

Answer 13

Twice as long.

Question 14

What happens to the decision making process of an officer who is suddenly confronted with a rapidly evolving life-threatening situation?

Answer 14

Recognition Primed Decision

Question 15

In the “Duty Belt Sprint Study”, how long did it take to complete a 90ﾟ turn left or right and completing a one full step, which would represent an officer attempting to evade and edged weapon or vehicle assault?

Answer 15

.86 to .87 seconds or about 9/10th of a second

Question 16

In the “Sprint Study” involving civilians and athletic shoes, the first step forward took approximately 1/3 of a second. If they were to assault an officer with an edge weapon as they were stepping or immediately following, they could slice or stab the officer at what distance?

Answer 16

Five (5) feet.