Searching in files and using Pipes

Question 1

To look for text within a file use this command:

Answer 1

grep ex: grep pattern file (pattern is what you are looking for in the file)

Question 2

grep options are:

Answer 2

• i Perform a search, ignoring case
• c Count the number of occurrences in a file
• n Precede output with line numbers
• v Invert Match. Print lines that don’t match

Question 3

Searching files using some of the following commands. Also you can chain them together to do something really useful

Answer 3

grep pattern file , ex: grep -i User files.txt

file file_name , shows you the file type, ex: file sales.data

strings, lets you see text that’s in a binary format

cut, allows you to cut out portions of a file / ex: cut -d’ ‘ -f2
cut options:
-d delimeter / use as a field separator
-f N displays the ninth field

tr or translate (changes output to something else) ex: tr “:” “ “

column / ex: column -t ( puts output in a table format)

more

less

or the pipe command allows you to tie 2 command together, ex: cat files.txt | more ( you can chain as many command together as you want )

Question 4

If you want to copy files from your desktop to a linux server or from server to server you would use these commands:

“Are also part of the Secure Shell Protocol”

Answer 4

scp - Secure Copy
sftp - SSH file transfer protocol

Question 5

Examples of Command line SCP Clients include:

Answer 5

scp
sftp
Putty Secure Copy Client - pscp.exe
Putty Secure File Transfer client - psftp.exe

Question 6

Some Graphical SCP/SFTP Clients include:

Answer 6

Cyberduck - Mac / Windows
FileZilla - Mac / Windows / and Linux
WinsSCP - Windows only

Question 7

To customize your Shell Prompt, use an:

Answer 7

Environment Variable
Bash, ksh, and sh use $PS
Csh, tcsh, and zsh use $prompt

Question 8

Customizing the Shell Prompt with Bash (most popular) PS1:

For a complete listing of all the formatting option, see the “bash” man page

Answer 8

\d - Dante in “Weekday Month Date” format ( TueMay26 )
\h - Hostname up to the first period
\H - Hostname
\n - Newline
\t - Current time in 24 hour HH:MM:SS format
\T - Current time in 12 hour HH:MM:SS format

Question 9

To make the changes persist between logins, use this Environment variable in your dot files;
“ You can also use Nano, Vi, or emacs to edit this file”

Answer 9

$ echo ‘export PS1=” [ \u@\h \w] $ “ ‘&raquo_space; ~/ .bash_proflie

Question 10

Aliases are mainly used for:

Answer 10

Shortcuts
Use for long commands
Commands you type often

Question 11

To view the list of alias’s already set, use this command

Answer 11

alias

Question 12

aliases can also fix typos:
Make Linux behave like another OS:

Answer 12

$ alias grpe=’grep’
$ alias cls=’clear’

Question 13

To remove Aliases:

Answer 13

unalias name / Remove the “name” alias
unalias -a / Remove all aliases

Question 14

So your aliases persist / continue:

Answer 14

Add them to your .dot files
.bash_profile