Sea Shelves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neritic zone?

A

the region up from 200m

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2
Q

what percentage of the global sea surface is continental shelf?

A

8%

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3
Q

What are tidal fronts and how do they form around the UK?

A

a tidal front is a horizontal gradient of density from differences in tidal strength, where weak tides (e.g. off cornwall) create vertical stratification and energetic tides (e.g. in the Irish sea) gives a well-mixed water column

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4
Q

Name a prokaryotic primary producer

A

cyanobacteria

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5
Q

Name 3 eukaryotic primary producers

A

dinoflagellata, bacillariophyceae, haptophyta

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6
Q

Give 2 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic primary producers

A

both are unicellular and contain chlorophyll a

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7
Q

Which are smaller: prokaryotic or eukaryotic primary producers?

A

prokaryotic (picoplankton)

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8
Q

Describe the morphology and distribution of cyanobacteria

A

highest biodiversity in littoral tropical zones, found as single long filaments or clumps of filaments

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9
Q

Describe the morphology of the second most abundant phytoplankton group

A

dinoflagellates: can be autotrophic, heterotropic, or both. Motile (2 flagella), thecate or naked, may be toxic, form red tides

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10
Q

What is the most abundant phytoplankton group?

A

diatoms (main contributor to spring blooms)

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11
Q

describe the morphology of diatoms

A

silica frustule in 2 halves: epitheca and hypotheca. Non-motile, may be solitary or colonial

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12
Q

Briefly describe coccolithophores

A

formed of around 30 CaCO3 per cell. Coccolithophores reflect sunlight and heat back out of water. They are also highly sensitive to the effects of ocean acidification

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13
Q

What 4 resources are needed for autotrophs to grow?

A

light, carbon, oxygen, and nutrients

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14
Q

What is the redfield ratio?

A

the uptake ratio of carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus in healthy, actively growing cells - 106:16:1P

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15
Q

What is Fe needed for in cells?

A

enzyme activity

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16
Q

What are the 4 micronutrients needed for ion transport?

A

K, Ca, Mg, Na

17
Q

Give the 4 sources of nitrogen in seawater

A

NO3, NO2, NH3 and N2

18
Q

Give the 3 sources of phosphorus in seawater

A

HPO2-(4), PO3-(4) and H2PO-(4)

19
Q

Give the 2 sources of sulphur in seawater

A

SO2-(4) and H2S

20
Q

Give the 4 sources of carbon in seawater and the factors that effect their proportion

A

CO2, HCO-(3), CO2-(3), H2CO3, as governed by salinity, pH and temperature

21
Q

What determines the light extinction coefficient of water?

A

wavelength, dissolved material and particles

22
Q

What is the wavelength range of photosynthetically active radiation?

A

400-700nm

23
Q

What is holoplankton?

A

permanent plankton

24
Q

What is meroplankton?

A

temporary plankton