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Ocean Atmosphere > Sea Ice > Flashcards

Sea Ice Flashcards

1
Q

What is the freezing temperature of water a function of?

A

Density (salinity) - More saline water will freeze at a LOWER temperature - as temperature decreases density increases

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2
Q

What happens when sea ice forms

A

Temperature will decrease until the water freezes and salt is released in this processes making surrounding waters more saline

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3
Q

What can delay ice formation>?

A

Convection

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4
Q

How do convective forces delay ice formation?

A

Water parcel cools by conduction/ radiation and sinks leaving some parts of sub-artic ocean ice free

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5
Q

What are the stages of sea ice development?

A

Specules (Frazil Ice); Granular/columnar ice structure; Grease ice, (new ice), Ice sheets

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6
Q

What is Ice rind?

A

An ice sheet of low salinity that is v.hard

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7
Q

What is Nilas ice?

A

An ice sheet of high salinity that is more elastic

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8
Q

How does first year form and what are its characteristics?

A

Wind breaks up ice and it recombines to form first year ice that is up to 2m thick by end of first year

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9
Q

What would characterise ice as second year ice?

A

When it survives the summer

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10
Q

What is multiyear ice?

A

Surviving multiple summers

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11
Q

How does ice grow?

A

Grows by freezing on all sides inc below

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12
Q

How does ice develop

A

Rate of ice growth will slow down with thickness this is due to insulation from overlying ice that delays heat transfer from below . In arctic anticyclonic winds hamper development and aid dispersal

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13
Q

What contributes to ice growth?

A

Freezing of the water from above AND below; Coalescence; Winter Snowfall; Supercooled water at base super cooled from above pressure and freezes.

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14
Q

Sea ice feature : what is an Ice Foot?

A

Surface ice attached to terrestrial land.

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15
Q

Sea ice feature: what is a floe?

A

A single slab of floating ice

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16
Q

Sea ice feature: What is a Pressure ridge?

A

Vertically forming ice between two floes - growth under pressure

17
Q

Sea ice feature: what is a keel?

A

The underside of a pressure ridge between floes

18
Q

Sea ice feature: What is rafting?

A

One floe partially sitting on top of a semi-submerged/submerged floe

19
Q

Sea ice feature: What are platelets?

A

The beginning of ice floes - v.small

20
Q

Sea ice feature: what are pressure hummocks?

A

A hummock (small mound) caused by pressure of forming sea ice floes/packs

21
Q

How can Ice cause cumulus cloud formation

A

Latent heat release - air convects and condensates?

22
Q

What are the main issues concerning sea ice?

A

Inhibit or produce shipping transport routes; melting to lead to geo-politcal issues in Arctic. The extent of arctic sea ice has possible implications for atmospheric circulation patterns.

Ocean Atmosphere (11 decks)

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