SE-1

Question 1

Software?

Answer 1

Software is a set of instructions, data or
programs used to operate computers and
execute specific tasks.

Question 2

System software

Answer 2

A collection of programs designed to
operate, control, and extend the processing
capabilities of the computer itself

Question 3

Application software

Answer 3

Designed to satisfy a particular need of a
particular environment.

Question 4

System Software examples

Answer 4

Operating system
Compilers
Interpreters
Device drivers
Assemblers

Question 5

Explain about the application software

Answer 5

A user interacts directly assist the user in doing specified tasks.

may consist of a single program Eg :- MS notepad -writing and editing a simple text.

Also consist of a collection of programs
Eg :- MS office package

Question 6

Application software examples

Answer 6

*Payroll Software
* Student Record Software
* Inventory Management
Software
* Railways Reservation Software
* Microsoft Office Package –
Word , Excel . PowerPoint , Access
etc..

Question 7

System?

Answer 7

Collection of components
that are work together to
perform a specific /
common task

Question 8

NATURAL SYSTEMS

Answer 8

*Exists in natural

Question 8

FABRICATED SYSTEMS

Answer 8

Built by people

Question 9

System characteristics

Answer 9

Boundary
Relationships
Components

Question 10

Boundary meaning

Answer 10

Boundary : separation
between a system & its
environment that
inputs & outputs must
cross

Question 11

Information System

Answer 11

Combine information , technology , people , data
to support business activities.

Question 12

Information system components

Answer 12

*Hardware : Physical layer of the information system
* Software : Programs that control the hardware &
produce the desired results.
* Data : Raw materials/facts that are transformed into
useful information.
* Processors : Takes & business functions that users
perform to achieve results.
* People : who interact with the information system.

Question 13

Information system elements

Answer 13

*Input : data entered to the system
*Process: converting data into
information.
*Output :final result / output
*Storage : saving

Question 14

Information system types

Answer 14

➢ Transaction processing systems (TPS)
➢ Management Information systems (MIS)
➢ Decision Support system(DSS)
➢ Executive Information System (EIS)

Question 15

TPS

Answer 15

Goal : to improve transaction processing with
fewer people.
*Used by operational staff.

Question 16

MIS

Answer 16

*Generates detailed, summary & exception
reports.
*Used by low-level managers to make short
term decisions.

Question 17

DSS

Answer 17

use of underlying models &
algorithms to support decision
making.
*Used by middle-level managers who
make decisions under certain
situations.

Question 18

EIS

Answer 18

*Used by top-level managers
*Helps to make strategic decisions.
*Affects for the long-term running for
an organization.

Question 19

SW process?

Answer 19

A set of ordered tasks involving activities, constraints
and resources that produce a software system.

imposes consistency and structure on a
set of activities

Question 20

Life-cycle?

Answer 20

The process of building a product is sometime called a
lifecycle

Question 21

SDLC?

Answer 21

SDLC is the entire process of
building , deploying , using & updating information system

Question 22

SDLC phases?

Answer 22

• Planning
• Analysis
• Design
• Implementation
• Support

Question 23

SDLC models

Answer 23

Predictive approach

*system can be developed according to the plan

Adaptive approach

*the project can’t be planned out completely in advance but must be
modified as it progresses.

Question 24

SDLC models examples

Answer 24

➢Waterfall model
➢Incremental model
➢Spiral model
➢RAD model
➢Prototyping

Question 25

Explain about the waterfall model.

Answer 25

• A linear-sequential life-cycle model.
• Very simple to understand and use.
• All the phases are cascaded to each other.
• Each phase must be completed before the next
  phase can begin and there is no overlapping in
  the phases

Question 26

Requirement Analysis

Answer 26

requirement specification
document.
* Requirement gathering techniques
➢ Questionnaires
➢ Interviews
➢ Document sampling
➢ Observations

Question 27

System Design

Answer 27

system design is prepared.
* Specifying hardware and system requirements
* Defining the overall system architecture.

Question 28

IMPLEMENTATION/CODING

Answer 28

• The design must be translated to a machine
  readable form.
• The software design is realized as a set of
  programs or program units.
• Programming languages or tools can be used to
  develop software.

Question 29

TESTING

Answer 29

• All the units developed in the implementation phase are
  integrated into a system after testing of each unit.
• Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and
  failures.

Question 30

Testing types

Answer 30

➢Unit testing
➢Integration testing
➢System testing
➢Acceptance testing

Question 31

Deployment

Answer 31

The product is released to the actual environment.
(customer usage)

Question 32

Maintenance

Answer 32

*There are some issues which come up in the
client environment.
* To fix those issues, patches are released.
*Also to enhance the product some better
versions are release

Question 33

Waterfall model-Advantages

Answer 33

• Simple and easy to understand and use
• Easy to arrange tasks.
• Works well for smaller projects where requirements are
  very well understood.
• Well understood milestones.
• Phases are processed and completed one at a time.
• Clearly defined stages.

Question 34

Waterfall model-Disadvantages

Answer 34

• Not a good model for complex and object-oriented
  projects.
• Poor model for long and ongoing projects.
• High amounts of risk and uncertainty.
• Not suitable for the projects where requirements are at
  a moderate to high risk of changing.
• It is difficult to measure progress within stages.
• Cannot accommodate changing requirements.