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SDOH > SDOH FINAL > Flashcards

SDOH FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

what is race

A

term for the classification of human begins into physical, biologically, and genetically distinct groups
also this term implies that the mental and moral behaviour of human beings as well as individual personality, ideas and capacities can be related to racial origin and that knowledge of that origin provides a statisfactory account of the behaviour

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2
Q

the notion of race assumes…

A

that humanity is divided into unchanging natural types, recognizable by physical features

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3
Q

Race is..

A

a social, political, historical, contstruct with material = lived consequences in our realties today

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4
Q

what is racism

A

a way of thinking that considered a groups unchangeable physical characteristics to be linked in a direct, casual basis.. “superior” and “inferior” racial groups

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5
Q

racism can be institutionalized…

A

into policy practices and law
implementing the thoughts of race

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6
Q

What is Racialization

A

is the process (historical, social, political) of contructing.consituting racial identities and meanigs

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7
Q

the term racialization appreciates race as….

A

a social, political, historical entity - and the real material consequences of its purposes and products

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8
Q

Fanon and Goldberg on racialization

A

racializtion includes the impacts on the forming understandings of the body and the rationalization of hierarchy
as well as the internalizations of these ideas hierarchy and difference within the power/knowledge relations that they (re) produce

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9
Q

Examples of racialization:

A

labour is racialzied
employment
education and professions are racilizaed

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10
Q

individual racism

A

pre-judgement, bias, or discrimination by an individual based on race

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11
Q

instituational racism

A

policies, practices and procedures that work better for white people than for people of colour, often unitentioanlly or inadvertently

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12
Q

strucutral racism

A

history and current reality of institutional racism across all insitutions, combining to create a system that negatively impacts communities of colour

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13
Q

colour coded health care

A

health care = the process of racialization and racism have produced HEALTH INEQUITIES

sherly nestle notes several social pathways to health inequities , often marginalization and opperssion are mapped onto black, indigneous and people of colour

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14
Q

what are the numerous pathways to health inequailites related to racism

A
  • psychological stress of living in a racist environment
    -unequal economic opportunities
  • inequitable accesss to education and other social resources
  • lack of adequate housing
  • exposure to evniromental toxins
  • engagement in risky health behaviours
  • victimization through social trauma such as spousal and sexual abuse
  • mistrust of the health care system and under-ulitized of screeniing programs
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15
Q

the health immirgant effect

A

KEY POINT = even when we account for migration and socio-econmic status - race is a significant determinant of health

health immigrant efffect = refers to “ an observed time path in which the health of immigrants just after migration is substantially better than that of comparable native-born people BUT WORSENS WITH ADDITIONAL YEARS in the new country”

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16
Q

factor in the decline of immigrant health

A

de maio and kemp found that even after controlling for experineces of discrimination and for socio-econmoic status “ visible miniority” ====== factor that decline immirgant health

VISIBLE MINIORITY

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17
Q

Wu and Schimmele challaenge….

A

analytical frames that focus on low socio-econmoic status as the key determinant of population health

RACE IS ALSO A SIGNIFICANT DETERMINAT OF HEALTH

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18
Q

Racialzied communities have trouble accessing healthcare in ways that are fair, with outcomes that are equitable. true or false

A

TRUE

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19
Q

researchers have proposed that the “problem of racism” be seen as a primary factor in producing inequitable health outcomes in racialized population. True or False?

A

True

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20
Q

Nancy Krieger 6 pathways through which racism harms health

A
  1. economic and social deprivation
  2. toxic substances and hazardous conditions
  3. discrimination and other forms of socially inflicted trauma ( mental physcial,and sexual)
  4. targeted marketing of harmful commodities (eg. junk fiid , alchohol..)
  5. inadequate or degrading medical care
  6. degradation of ecosystems
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21
Q

which populations is the most effected in employment

A

obvi racialized canadians BUT ESPECIALLY BLACK CANADIANS

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22
Q

how are young black people affected?

A
  • unfair treatment at work
  • less represented at management levels and in professions such as lawyers, doctors nurse etc….
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23
Q

Race is an important predictor of incarceration . True or False

A

True

Indigenous people are approx… 3% of the population but 24% of those sentenced custody

black people are approx. 2% of population but 6% are sentenced

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24
Q

who explored the relationship between experienced or perceived racism and indicators of health

A

karlsen and nazroo

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25
Q

who found that evidence of long term health consequences resulting from experiences of discrimination were consistent with other research on the effects of stress

A

brown

26
Q

williams and mohammed….

A

verified the effects of stress resulting from racism

27
Q

Brondolo et al consider racism to be ..

A

“sustrantial public health threat” —- produce long term health conseruwnces for health

28
Q

According to Francis, the myraid examples of racial inequities in health, not only in access to care but also in:

A
  • life expectancy
  • mortality
    -morbidity
    -health status
  • disease prevalence and incidence
  • utilization of service
    -clinical outcomes
  • process of care
    -adequacy of pain management
  • DNR orders and end of life care

these are all evidence of societies tacit support of the notion of the “existence of hierarchies of human worth”

29
Q

which disease is the most racialized condition in the histroy of modern medicine?

A

SICKLE CELL

race = factor of longer wait times for sickle cell disease patients

pain medication is often withheld from sickle cell patients because they are stimazatized as drug users or abusers = people of african descent and south asian decesnt have sickle cell

30
Q

how can we improve racsim and health

A

instead of stating that people of colour are more likely to have x disease we need to say that this occurs because of access issues, environmental issues and racism

31
Q

the probelm of cultural competence

A
  • cultural competence promotes A COLOUR BLIND MENTALITY that ignores systemic inequities and the disproportionate ways systemic racism operates
32
Q

what did researchers highlight about some of the problems with culutural competence

A

—- political issues make the project of culutral competence suspect for over individualizing the solutions, essentialzing culture and having impractical conceptual understandings

33
Q

cultural competence promotes a colour blind mentality that “eclipses the significance of institutionalzied racism” true of false

A

TRUE

34
Q

the notion of cultural competency is …..

A

“the new racisim” by otherizing non-white and by deploying modernist and absolutist view of culture

35
Q

what is unconscious bias training

A

a popular appraoch to diversity education
beings with demonstaters of how the mind operates in ways that are outside of conscious awareness or control

demonstrations = people make and sometimes act on snap judgements based on race without concsciour intention

36
Q

does unconscious bias training solve the whole problem

A

no , discrimination has other causes that arent fully dealth with in this kind of training, such as explicit prejudice or policies that have disparate impacts on people of different races

37
Q

who can be racist and where does racism exists?

A

individual (INNER CIRCLE)
- bias, prejudice, hatred, bigoty
- internalized and interpersonal
institutioanlized/systemic (MIDDLE CIRCLE)
- polices, practices, organizations that maintain inequitable outcomes
structal and post struactual (OUTER)
- how and why a historical purpose, project

38
Q

under the section 3 of the Immirgation Act of 1910, what are the “prohibited classes” identified as:

A
  • persons mentally defective
  • diseased persons
  • criminals
  • prostitutes or pimps
  • procurerrs
  • beggards and vagrants
    -charity immigrants
  • peron not complying with regulations
39
Q

which ideas made thier way into public health practices

A
  • immigrant
    race
    criminal
    defective
    poor
    burden
40
Q

a foreign national is inadmissible on health grounds if their health conditions:

A

a. likely to be a danger to public health
b. likely to be danger to public safety
c. might reasonably be expected to cause excessive demand on health or social services

41
Q

the current canadian immigration guidlines include the following specificity

A

“excessive demand” include ongoing hospitalization or instituational care for physical or mental illness

42
Q

why is systemic and structual racism in the now important?

A

well right now we have a clause in our immigration law that wields these ideas of threat and burden to deny immigrants access to healthcare - they can be rendered inadmissible to canada after already lived here and made to refrain from using hospitals or insitutional care for physical and mental illness

43
Q

the key ideological term that held class, sexuality and race togehter was..

A

blood
foucault talks about societies of sanguinity - a time when people began to think about blood terms of a dynastic organizing principles

44
Q

saskatoon health region promotes racist and discrinminatory health care for indigenous women. true or flase?

A

TRUE - antiracist policy be implemented immediately

45
Q

what did the canadian public health association issue?

A

a statement acknowledging many health inequities based on race, religion, and ethic origin and the need to address systemic barriers

46
Q

with racial disparties in health…

A

we need to monitor how specific health outcomes differ across people while recognizing the uniqueness

look at health outcomes in relation to specific social, historical, and political context

47
Q

how can we intervene in helping end racism?

A

developing and implementing approaches to racism that acknowledge our complex complicities in our disciplines, professions, practices, policies and institutions at:
individual, institutional/systematic and policy levels

48
Q

Social exclusion

A

specific groups being denied the opportunity to participate in canadian life

49
Q

who is likely to experince social exclusion?

A
  • indigenous canadians
    -canadians of colour
    -recent immigrants
    -low income canadians
  • women and people with disabilities
50
Q

Socially excluded canadians are more likely to be unemployed and earn lower wages. true or false?

A

TRUE
why bc they have less access to health and social services and means of futhering their education

51
Q

what are the 4 aspects to social exclusion:

A
  • denial of particiaption in civil affairs is a result of legal sanction and other institutional mechanims
  • law and regulations prevent non-status residents or immigrants from particpating in large activities
  • system forms of discrimination based on race, gender, ethnicity or disability status
  • denial of social goods such as health care, education, housing, income sercuity and language services
    -denial of opportunity to particiapte actively in society
52
Q

economic exclusion

A

cannot access economic resources and opportunities such as participation in paid work

53
Q

social exlcusion is increasing and this causes in increases in what type of employment?

A

precaiours employment/work

54
Q

social exclusion creates living conditions and personal experiences that endanger health. True or False?

A

TRUE

55
Q

poor parts of the city are generally with those with high rates of diabetes. true or false?

A

TRUE

56
Q

where does diabetes hit hardest?

A

northwest and east of toronto

57
Q

why is immigration important?

A

important source of economic growth and socio cultural diversity

58
Q

historically immigratiion used to be limitied to those of..

A

european decent

59
Q

what does internalized racism lead to

A

leads to resignation, helplessness, and lack of hope

60
Q

what is internalized racism

A

Sometimes marginalized racial groups turn oppression inward, hating their own racial group as a result.

61
Q

who are the indigenous people of canada?

A

original inhabitants of canada

62
Q

What is the constitution act, 1982 section 35

A
  • protects aboriginal and treaty rights
  • recgongizes that aboriganl people include

SDOH (1 decks)

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