SCZ

Question 1

issues in diagnosis + classification - AO3

Answer 1

co-morbidity = 2 conditions co-exist at same time - scz may not be distinct disorder
symptom overlap = 2 diff disorders symptom in common
gender bias = women underdiagnosed - not receiving treatment + services to benefit them
culture bias = eurocentric view of diagnosis - lead to discrimination - diagnosis should adapt to cultures
reliability = inter-rater = 9.7, test-retest = 9.2
in DSM5 = scz diagnosis consistently applied

Question 2

bio exp - AO3

Answer 2

research supp = geotsman - research supp
Tenari 2004 - child in adopted fam with bio parents scz = still heightened risk develop scz = bio factor > enviro f
study = 33% MZ, 7% = DZ = inc vulnerability due to genetic makeup
however, walhlberg = rexamined tenari = scz more likely if adopted = poor communication

bio reductionism = cant reduce complex behaviour just into genetic makeup, ignore environmental factors, bio + psych risk factors = birth complications + THC smoking in tobacco, childhood trauma

supp DA HP = Amphetamines = worse scz symp + showed psychotic symp in non scz = shows link since drug inc DA lvl

refuting DA HP = post mortem + live scanning = high lvls glutamate
drugs dec lvl glutamate = more effective
shows complexity of scz
thus treatment should be tailored

cause + effect issue = abnormal DA lvl result of scz ?

Question 3

psych exp - AO3

Answer 3

berger = scz patients = higher recall of double bind statements than non scz
supp fam dysfunction
liem = measure parental communication, found no difference between normal fam + scz child fam

fam dysfunc = fam held accountable, leads to blaming parents - social sensitivity

cause + effect issue = scz can cause faulty cognitive processing

alt = ignores bio factors

research supp = stirling - stroop test 30 scz, 30 control
scz took x2
= supp for central control theory + shows impairment of cognitive processes in scz ps

explanation = applied in treatment, family therapy
successful in treating

Question 4

*bio treatments - AO3

Answer 4

evidence for effectiveness = thornley reviewed studies comparing chlorpromazine to control
data from 13 trials, 1121 ps = chlorpromazine better functioning + red symp compared to placebo
meltzer = atypical = clozapine more effective than typical + in 30-50% resistant cases where typical didn’t work
however antipsychotics = great calming effect so not acc red psychosis symp

side effects = typical = dizziness, sleepiness, weight gain
long term = tardive dyskinesia caused by DA supersensitivity
= ineffective treatment

noll = 1/3 xp hallucinations, + delusions despite taking antipsychotics some xp symp despite normal DA lvls

alt = CBT