SCS foundations Flashcards
Carries sensory impulses to the brain
Dorsal root
Dermatome serves neck, shoulders, and portions of the upper limbs
Cervical dermatomes
Dermatome serves trunk of the body and the upper limbs
Thoracic dermatome
Dermatome serves anterior legs
Lumbar dermatome
Dermatome serves buttocks and posterior legs
Sacral dermatomes
SCS consists of three parts:
Electrodes on one or more leads
Power source
An extension (optional for some)
Describes how non painful input closes the gate to painful input, explains in the prevention of pain sensation traveling from the CNS to the brain
Gate control theory
Sensory receptors
Nociceptors
Afferent fibers, are the largest in size, are myelinated and have the fastest conductive velocity
A-alpha and A-beta
3 components required to create a closed electrical circuit
Power source
Conductor
Resistance
Measure of work needed to move an electrical charge
Voltage
Strength or height of a wave disturbance such as an electromagnetic wave
Amplitude (voltage or current (I))
Flow of electrons pushed through a circuit over time
Current (Amperes)
The inhibition of the flow of electrons in a circuit
Resistance (ohms)
Ohms law
V= I (amps) x R (resistance)
Impedance is a result of a variety of factors:
Material resistance (leads,extensions)
Scar tissue
Fluid (CSF)
Region directly beneath the bony and ligamentous elements forming the vertebral canal
Epidural space
Space which surrounds the spinal cord and lies between the pis and arachnoid mater containing CSF
Intrathecal space
Ohms law describes relationship between:
Voltage
Current
Resistance
Duration of stimulation
Pulse width
Process by which the nervous system senses and transmits pain signals to the brain
Central pain pathway
Sensory neurons sensitive to painful stimuli
Nociceptors
Most commonly indicated condition for SCS
FBSS
Electricity is the flow of electrons from
Cathode to anode
Activation of an axon will take place only when stimulation is at a point on or above:
The action potential
Minimum amplitude that can excite an axon
Rheobase
Minimum pulse width that can excite an axon
Chronaxie
Four components of pain
Nociception
Perception of pain
Suffering
Pain behaviors
Indications for SCS
P (postlami) U (unsuccessful disk surg) M (multiple back ops) P (peripheral causalgia) E (epidural fibrosis) D (DDD) F (FBS) R (radicular pain syndrome) A (arachnoiditis) C (CRPS)
Carries motor impulses from the brain
Ventral root
What is electrical stimulation?
The use of small electrical signals to produce a predictable, controllable outcome
The strength of pulses in volts
Amplitude
The duration of a pulse in microseconds
Pulse width
The frequency of pulses per second in hertz
Rate
What type of pain responds most favorably to SCS?
Neuropathic
Specific combination of pulse width, rate, and amplitude acting on a specific electrode combination
Program
The inhibition of the flow of electrons
Resistance
Experienced as the intensity of parasthesia
Amplitude
The number of electrons pushed through a circuit over time
Current (amps)
Experienced as the breadth of coverage of parasthesia
Pulse width
In an open circuit, impedance is ______ and current is ______
High, low
(ENS) each group can accommodate ______ programs with a maximum of ______ programs
4, 16
Let’s the patient change the amplitude of all programs in an active group at the same time using myStim
GroupAdjust
Automatically turns specific groups ON and OFF at programmed times based on a 24 hour clock
Scheduled therapy
Electrical potential between two points in a circuit
Voltage
