Scrum Guide Flashcards
What is the definition of scrum?
Scrum is a lightweight framework that helps people, teams, and organizations generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems.
Scrum requires a Scrum Master to foster an environment where:
- A product owner orders the work for a complex problem into a product backlog
- The Scrum team turns a selection of the work into an increment of value during a sprint.
- The Scrum team and its stakeholders inspect the results and adjust for the next sprint.
- Repeat
True/false - scrum is simple
true
The scrum framework is purposefully __________, only defining the parts required to implement scrum theory.
incomplete
Scrum is built upon the ________ __________ of the people using it.
collective intelligence
Rather than provide people with detailed instructions, the rules of scrum guide their ___________ and __________.
relationships and interactions
Scrum _______ __________ existing practices or renders the unnecessary
wraps around
Scrum is founded on ________ and _____ _________
empiricism and lean thinking
Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from ___________ and making decisions based on what is ____________.
experience and making decisions based on what is observed
Lean thinking reduces __________ and focuses on the ___________.
waste and focuses on the essentials
Scrum employs an iterative, incremental approach to optimize ____________ and to control ______.
optimize predictability and to control risk
What are the empirical pillars of Scrum?
transparency, inspection, and adaptation
What are the four formal events for inspection and adaptation within the sprint?
Sprint planning
Daily Scrum
Sprint Review
Sprint Retrospective
What does transparency mean?
The emergent process and work must be visible to those performing the work as well as those receiving the work.
Artifacts that have low transparency can lead to decisions that diminish _______ and _______ risk
value and increase risk.
Transparency enables…
inspection
Inspection without transparency is misleading and ___________.
wasteful
The scrum artifacts and the progress toward agreed goals must be inspected ________ and _________ to detect potentially undesirable variances or problems.
frequently and diligently
If any aspects of a process deviate outside acceptable limits or if the resulting product is unacceptable, the process being applied or the materials being produced must be adjusted. What is this describing?
The Adaptation empirical pillar.
________ becomes more difficult when the people involved are not empowered or self-managing.
Adaptation
A ______ ________ is expected to adapt the moment it learns anything new through inspection.
Scrum Team
Successful use of Scrum depends on people becoming more proficient in living five values:
Commitment
Focus
Openness
Respect
Courage
The Scrum Team commits to achieving its ______ and to supporting each ________
goals and to supporting each other.
The Scrum Team and its stakeholders are _____ about the work and the challenges.
open
Scrum Team members _______ each other to be capable, independent people
respect
The Scrum Team members have the _______ to do the right thing, to work on tough problems.
courage
The fundamental unit of Scrum is a small _____ __ _______.
team of people
The Scrum Team consists of one _____ _______, one ________ __________, and ____________
Scrum Master, Product Owner, and developers
True/false - there are sub teams within a Scrum Team.
false
The Scrum Team is a cohesive unit of professionals focused on one objective at a time, which is known as what?
The Product Goal
Scrum Teams are ______-_________, meaning the members have all the skills necessary to create value each Sprint.
cross-functional
Scrum Teams are also _____-________, meaning they internally decide who does what, when, and how.
self-managing
A Scrum Team typically has how many people?
10 or fewer
The Scrum Team is small enough to _______ ______ and large enough to complete significant work within a sprint.
remain nimble
In general, we have found that smaller teams ________ _______.
communicate better
If Scrum Teams become to large they should consider doing what?
reorganizing into multiple cohesive teams
After a large Scrum Team reorganizes into multiple teams, they all should share the same _______ ____, ______ _________, and _______ _______.
Product Goals, Product Backlog, and Product Owner.
The Scrum Team is responsible for all product-related activities from ________ __________.
Stakeholder collaboration
Scrum Teams are structured and empowered by the organization to manage their own _____
work
Working in Sprints at a sustainable ____ improves the Scrum Team’s focus and consistency.
pace
The entire Scrum Team is accountable for creating a value, useful _________ every Sprint.
increment
Scrum defines three specific accountabilities within the Scrum Team:
- The developers
- The Product Owner
- The Scrum Master
___________ are the people in the Scrum Team that are committed to creating any aspect of a usable increment each sprint.
Developers
The specific skills needed by the developers are often ______ and will vary with the domain of work.
broad
True/false - developers are always accountable for creating a plan for the sprint, the Sprint Backlog
true
True/false - developers are always accountable for instilling quality by adhering to a Definition of Done
true
True/false - developers are always accountable for adapting their plan each sprint.
false - adapting their plan each day toward the Sprint Goal
True/false - developers are always accountable for holding each other accountable as professionals
true
The Product Owner is accountable for __________ the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team.
maximizing
The Product Owner is accountable for effective ______ _______ management
product backlog
The Product Owner is accountable for developing and explicitly communicating the _______ ____.
Product Goal
The Product Owner is accountable for creating and clearly communicating _______ _______ items.
Product Backlog
The Product Owner is accountable for ________ Product Backlog items.
ordering
The Product Owner is accountable for ensuring the Product Backlog is __________, visible, and understood.
transparent
The Product Owner may do his/her sprint duties or may ________ __.
delegate it
For Product Owners to succeed, the entire organization must _______ their decisions.
respect
The Product Owner’s decisions are visible in the content and ordering of the _______ _______.
Product backlog
The Product Owner is ___ _______, not a committee
one person
The Product Owner may represent the needs of many ___________ in the Product Backlog.
stakeholders
Those wanting to change the _______ _______ can do so by trying to convince the Product Owner.
Product Backlog
The Scrum Master is accountable for establishing _____ as defined in the Scrum Guide.
Scrum
The Scrum Master helps everyone understand _____ _____ and practice
Scrum theory
The Scrum Master is accountable for the Scrum Team’s _____________.
effectiveness
The Scrum Master enables the Scrum Team to improve its _________ within the Scrum Framework.
practices
Scrum Masters are ____ _______ who serve the Scrum Team and the larger organization.
true leaders
The Scrum Master serves the Scrum Team by coaching the team members in ____-_________ and cross-functionality
self-management
The Scrum Master serves the Scrum Team by helping the Scrum Team focus on creating ____-_____ __________ that meet the Definition of Done
high-value increments
The Scrum Master serves the Scrum Team by causing the removal of ___________ to the Scrum Team’s progress.
impediments
The Scrum Master serves the Scrum Team by ensuring that all _____ ______ take place and are positive, productive, and kept within the timebox.
Scrum events.
True / False - The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by helping find techniques for effective Product Goal definition and Product Backlog management
true
The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by helping the scrum team understand the need for clear and concise _______ ______ items
Product Backlog
The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by helping establish _________ product planning for a complex environment.
empirical
The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by facilitating stakeholder _____________ as requested or needed
collaboration
The Scrum Master serves the organization by leading, training, and coaching the organization in its _____ ________.
Scrum adoption
The Scrum Master serves the organization by planning and advising ____ _______________ within the organization.
Scrum implementations
The Scrum Master serves the organization by helping _________ and ____________ understand and enact an empirical approach for complex work.
employees and stakeholders
The Scrum Master serves the organization by removing ________ between stakeholders and Scrum Teams.
barriers
The Sprint is a _________ for all other events.
container
Each event in Scrum is a formal opportunity to _______ and _____ Scrum artifacts.
inspect and adapt
Scrum events are specifically designed to enable the ____________ required.
transparency
Failure to operate any events as prescribed results in lost ____________ to inspect and adapt.
opportunities
Events are used in Scrum to create regularity and to minimize the need for meetings not defined in _____.
Scrum
All Scrum events are held at the same time to ______ __________.
reduce complexity
Sprints are the _________ of Scrum, where ideas are turned into value.
heartbeat
Sprints are fixed length events of ___ _____ or less to create consistency.
one month
A new Sprint starts immediately _____ the conclusion of the previous Sprint.
after
During the Sprint, no changes are made that would endanger the ______ ____
Sprint Goal
During the Sprint, _______ does not decrease
quality
During the Sprint, the _______ _______ is refined as needed.
Product Backlog
During the Sprint, _____ may be clarified and renegotiated with the Product Owner as more is learned
scope
Sprints enable predictability by ensuring __________ and __________ of progress toward a Product Goal at least every calendar month.
inspection and adaptation
When a Sprint’s horizon is too long the Sprint Goal may become _______, complexity may ____, and ____ may increase.
invalid, rise, risk
_______ Sprints can be employed to generate more learning cycles and limit risk of cost and effort to a smaller time frame.
Shorter
Each Sprint may be considered to be a short _______.
project
Various practices exist to forecast progress, like burn-downs, burn-ups, or cumulative flows. While proven useful, these do not replace the importance of __________.
empiricism
In complex environments, what will happen is unknown. Only what has already ________ may be used for forward looking decision making.
happened
A Sprint could be _________ if the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete.
cancelled
Only the _______ _____ has the authority to cancel the Sprint.
Product Owner
Sprint Planning initiates the Sprint by laying out the ____ to be performed for the Sprint.
work
The plan created in Sprint Planning is created by the collaborative work of the entire _____ ____.
Scrum Team.
The _______ _____ ensures that attendees of Sprint Planning are prepared to discuss the most important Product Backlog items.
Product Owner
In Sprint Planning, the Scrum Team may also invite ____ ______ to attend to provide advice.
other people
The purpose of the _____ _____ is to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work.
Daily Scrum
How long is the daily scrum?
15 minutes
The Daily Scrum is held at the same time and place every day to _____ _________.
reduce complexity
Sprint Planning is timeboxed to…
…a maximum of eight hours for a one month sprint. For shorter sprints the event is usually shorter.
The Sprint Review is the ______ __ ____ event of the sprint.
second to last
The Sprint Review is timeboxed to…
…a maximum of four hours for a one-month Sprint. For shorter sprints, the event is usually shorter.
The Sprint Retrospective _________ the Sprint.
concludes
The Sprint Retrospective is timeboxed to …
…a maximum of three hours for a one month sprint. For shorter sprints, the event is usually shorter.
Scrum artifacts represent ____ or _____.
work or value
Artifacts are designed to maximize ____________ of key information.
transparency
Everyone inspecting artifacts has the same basis for __________.
adaptation
What are the Scrum artifacts?
Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment
The purpose of the Sprint Retrospective is to plan ways to increase _______ and _____________.
quality and effectiveness
What is the commitment for the Product Backlog artifact?
The Product Goal
What is the commitment for the Sprint Backlog artifact?
The Sprint Goal
What is the commitment for the Increment artifact?
The Definition of Done
The artifact commitments exist to reinforce __________ and the Scrum values for the Scrum Team and their stakeholders.
empiricism
The _______ _______ is the single source of work undertaken by the Scrum Team.
Product Backlog
The Product Backlog is an emergent, ordered list of what is needed to _______ ___ _______.
Improve the product
In Sprint Planning, the Product Owner proposes how the product could ________ its value and utility in the current Sprint.
increase
In Sprint Planning, the whole _____ ____ collaborates to define a Sprint Goal that communicates why the Sprint is valuable to stakeholders.
Scrum Team
The ______ ____ must be finalized prior to the end of Sprint Planning.
Sprint Goal
Through discussion with the _______ _____, the developers select items from the Product Backlog to include in the current sprint.
Product Owner
The Scrum Team may refine Sprint Backlog items during ______ ________ which increases understanding and confidence.
Sprint Planning
Selecting how much can be completed within a Sprint may be ___________.
challenging
The more the __________ know about their past performance, their upcoming capacity, and their Definition of Done, the more confident they will be in their Sprint forecasts.
developers
For each selected _______ _______ item, the developers plan the work necessary to create an increment that meets the Definition of Done.
Product Backlog
Who tells developers how to turn Product Backlog items into increments of value?
no one
The Sprint Goal, the Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint, plus the plan for delivering them are together referred to as the ______ _______.
Sprint Backlog
Scrum combines ____ formal events for inspection and adaptation within a containing event, the Sprint.
four
If the Product Owner or Scrum Master are actively working on items in the Sprint Backlog, they participate as what?
developers
True / false - the developers must use the Scrum structure for managing the daily scrum.
false - the developers can select whatever structure and techniques they want, as long as their Daily Scrum focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and produces and actionable plan for the next day of work.
Daily Scrums _______ communications, ______ impediments, and _______ quick decision-making.
improve, identify, promote
Daily Scrums _________ the need for other meetings.
eliminate
True / false - the Daily Scrum is the only time developers are allowed to adjust their plan.
false - they often meet throughout the day for more detailed discussions about adapting or re-planning the rest of the Sprint’s work.
True / false - the purpose of the Sprint Review is to inspect the outcome of the Product Backlog and determine future adaptations.
false - it is to inspect the outcome of the Sprint, not the Product Backlog.
True / false - During Sprint Review, the Scrum team presents the results of their work to key stakeholders and progress toward the Product Goal is discussed.
true
True / false - During Sprint Review, the Scrum Team and stakeholders review what will be accomplished in the next Sprint.
false - they review what was accomplished in the current Sprint and what has changed in their environment.
True / false - During Sprint Review, based on the information obtained in the meeting, attendees collaborate on what to do next.
true
True / false - During Sprint Review, the Product Backlog may be adjusted to meet new opportunities.
true
The Sprint Review is a _______ _______ and the Scrum Team should avoid limiting it to a presentation.
working session
During what event does the Scrum Team inspect how the last Sprint went with regards to individuals, interactions, processes, tools, and their Definition of Done.
Sprint Retrospective
During Sprint Retrospective, inspected elements often vary with the ______ of work
domain
During Sprint Retrospective, ___________ that led the Scrum Team astray are identified and their origins explored.
assumptions
During ______ _____________, the Scrum Team discusses what went well during the Sprint, what problems it encountered, and how those problems were (or were not) solved.
Sprint Retrospective
During Sprint Retrospective, the Scrum Team identifies the most _______ _______ to improve its effectiveness.
helpful changes
During Sprint Retrospective, the most _________ ____________ are addressed as soon as possible.
impactful improvements
Each artifact contains a __________ to ensure it provides information that enhances transparency and focus against which progress can be measured.
commitment
Product Backlog items that can be ____ by the Scrum Team within one Sprint are deemed ready for selection in a Sprint Planning event.
Done
Product Backlog items usually acquire a degree of transparency after ________ activities.
refining
Product Backlog refinement is the act of _______ ____ and further defining Product Backlog items into smaller more precise items.
breaking down
Product Backlog refinement is an ongoing activity to add details, such as a ___________, _____, and ____.
description, order, and size
Developers who will be doing the Product Backlog refinement work are responsible for the ______.
sizing
The Product Owner may influence the developers during Product Backlog refinement by helping them understand and select _____-____.
trade-offs
The _______ ____ describes a future state of the product which can serve as a target for the Scrum Team to plan against.
Product Goal
The Product Goal is in the _______ _______.
Product Backlog
The rest of the Product Backlog emerges to define ____ will fulfill the Product Goal.
what
A product is a _______ to deliver value.
vehicle
A product has a clear ________, known ___________, and well-defined users or customers.
boundary, stakeholders
A product could be a _______, a physical ________, or something more abstract.
service, contract
The _______ ____ is the long-term objective for the Scrum Team.
Product Goal
The Sprint Backlog is composed of the ______ _____ (why), the set of _______ _______ items selected for the sprint (what), as well as an actionable plan for delivering the _________ (how).
Sprint Goal, Product Backlog, Increment
The ______ _______ is a plan by and for the Developers.
Sprint Backlog
The ______ _______ is a highly visible, real-time picture of the work that the Developers plan to accomplish during the Sprint in order to achieve the Sprint Goal.
Sprint Backlog
The Sprint Backlog is updated throughout the ______ as more is learned.
Sprint
The Sprint Backlog should have enough ______ so you can inspect progress in the Daily Scrum.
detail
The ______ ____ is the single objective for the Sprint.
Sprint Goal
Although the Sprint Goal is a commitment by the _________, it provides flexibility in terms of the exact work needed to achieve it.
Developers
The ______ ____ creates coherence and focus, encouraging the Scrum Team to work together rather than on separate initiatives
Sprint Goal
The ______ ____ is created during the Sprint Planning event and then added to the Sprint Backlog.
Sprint Goal
As the Developers work during the Sprint, they keep the ______ ____ in mind.
Sprint Goal
If the work during a Sprint turns out to be different than expected, __________ collaborate with the Product Owner to negotiate the scope of the Sprint Backlog within the Sprint without affecting the Sprint Goal.
developers
An _________ is a concrete stepping stone toward the Product Goal.
Increment
Each Increment is ________ to all prior increments and thoroughly verified, ensuring that all Increments work together.
additive
In order to provide value, an Increment must be ______.
usable
________ increments may be created within a Sprint.
Multiple
The sum of the Increments is presented at the Sprint Review thus supporting __________.
empiricism
An Increment may be delivered to stakeholders _____ to the end of the Sprint.
prior
The Sprint Review should never be considered a gate to _________ _____.
releasing value
Work cannot be considered part of an increment unless it meets the __________ __ ____.
Definition of Done
The __________ __ ____ is a formal description of the state of the Increment when it meets the quality measures required for the product.
Definition of Done
The moment a Product Backlog item meets the Definition of Done, an _________ is born.
Increment
The Definition of Done creates ____________ by providing everyone a shared understanding of what work was completed as part of the Increment.
transparency
True / false - If a Product Backlog item does not meet the Definition of Done, it cannot be released at the Sprint Review.
true
True / false - If a Product Backlog item does not meet the Definition of Done, it automatically advances to the next Sprint.
false - it returns to the Product Backlog for future consideration
True / false - If the Definition of Done for an increment is part of the standards of the organization, Scrum Teams can choose to use it or create their own.
false - all Scrum Teams must follow it as a minimum
True / false - If it is not an organizational standard, the Scrum Team must create a Definition of Done appropriate for the Product.
true
The Developers are required to _______ to the Definition of Done.
conform
True / false - If there are multiple Scrum Teams working together on a product, they must mutually define and comply with the same Definition of Done.
true
