Scrotal and testicular problems Flashcards
What is the commonest cause of scrotal swelling in PMC?
Epididymal cysts
Name a feature of epididymal cysts
- Posterior to testicle
- Separate from testicle body
Name a condition associated with epididymal cysts
- PCKD
- CF
How is an epididymal cyst diagnosed?
US
Hydrocele describes the accumulation of fluid where?
Tunica vaginalis
What is the difference between a communicating and a non-communicating hydrocele?
Communicating (often seen in babies) is due to excessive fluid draining into the tunical vaginallis and often resolves in a few months. Non communicating is caused by excessive production of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
Name a condition that hydroceles can develop secondary to
- Epidiymo-orchitis
- Testicular torsion
- Testicular tumour
Name a feature of hydrocele
- Soft non-tender swelling of the hemiscrotum
- Transillumination with pen torch
What is varicocele
Enlarged testicular veins
Name a feature of varicocele
- Subfertility
- ‘Bag of worms’
- Left side
How is varicocele diagnosed?
Doppler US
What is testicular torsion?
Twisting of spermatic cord resulting in testicular ischaemia and necrosis
Name a feature of testicular torsion?
- Loss of cremaster reflex
- Sudden onset severe pain
- Elevation of testis doesn’t ease pain
- Males 10-30 y.o.
How is testicular torsion initialy managed?
Surgical exporation
What is epidiymo-orchitis?
Inflammation of the epididymis that often involves testis
In men <35 years, what is the commonest cause of epidiymo-orchitis?
Gonorrhoea or chlamydia. Low risk - E.coli
Name a non infective cause of epidiymo-orchitis
Amiodarone
If STI is likely cause of epididymo-orchitis, how is it managed?
Ceftriaxone IM single dose + 10-14 days doxycycline
What is the surgical management of testicular torsion?
Bilateral orchidopexy
Von Hippel Lindau syndrome is associated with what type of scrotal swelling?
Epididymal cyst
Bell Clapper deformity increases the risk of what?
Testicular torsion
