Screwed Like A Pig Flashcards
Animal Science Final
Castrated Boar
Barrow
immature female chicken
pullet
What state has the highest monetary receipts for agricultural products?
California
What state has the highest monetary receipts for livestock products?
Texas
Name one of the top 5 states according to dairy cow numbers
California
Country with highest swine numbers
China
Top swine producing state
Texas
Market classes for cattle are based on..
age & gender
A quality grade that both beef and lamb carcasses could receive is
prime
what method is used to inspect the interior quality of eggs?
candling
A rooster would be in the ‘young’ market class which is based on..
age
what type of joint should a lamb carcass have on its front cannon bones?
break joint
ratio of animal’s carass weight to its live weight is known as
dressing percentage
the per-capita consumption of red meat has _____ over the last 30 years
decreased
the cost per pound of red meat has ___
increased
what two proteins alternate to form myofilaments?
actin & myosin
three main anatomical components of red meat are…
lean, fat, bone
the _______________ is a measurement of food value that compares the amount of nutrient to the number of calories in a portion of food
nutrient density
in _____ processing, animals are not stunned prior to slaughter
Jewish/Kosher
average weight of a broiler when it goes to market is ____pounds and have a dressing % of ____
4-5
78%
What form of chicken is least preferred?
whole
over the past 10 years, consumption of shell eggs has __________
stayed the same
the ____ contains most of the fat and cholesterol in an egg & is suspended by strands called ____
yolk
chalazae
________ is the current preferred meat by most people in the US
broiler
the two main functions of the epididymis are spermatozoa storage and spermatozoa _______
maturation
in roosters, sperm is stored in the ________ rather than the epididymis
vas deferens
a ______ on the ovary produces estrogen, and the corpus luteum produces _____
follicle
progesterone
in a hen, the _____ is where albumin is deposited around the yolk
magnum
during spermatogenesis, _________ must occur for a spermatocyte to become a spermatid
meiosis
mammalian oocytes have a layer surrounding their plasma membrane called the __________
zona pallucida
a ______ is a fertilized oocyte, prior to cell division
zygote
the hormone _____ is produced & released by the hypothalamus which causes the pituitary to release ____ which causes ovulation & corpus luteum formation
GnRH
LH
genetic make up or allele combination of an individual is known as its ____
genotype
the trait an animal has, as a result of its genes, is known as _____
its phenotype
the ____ refers to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome
locus
the biological process of ____ creates RNA from a gene sequence on the chromosome
transcription
RNA is ______ into a protein based on the central dogma theory
translated
chromosomes are paired and carry genes that affect the same traits, these paired chromosomes are said to be ___________
homologous
mating homozygous recessive with homozygous dominant parents can result in offspring that display ______ which means that offspring outperform their parents
heterosis
if you mate 2 homozygous recessive parents, the expected offspring would be ____% heterozygous
0%
______ is a chemical substance, which is secreted by a ductless gland into the circulatory system & affects a distant gland or organ
hormone
_______ tissue covers the body, lines organs & cavities, & functions in the secretion and gas exchange
epithelial
two types of connective tissue include..
cartilage, blood
in birds, the ____ bone is greatly enlarged because the _____ muscle attaches to it to enable flight
sternum
pectoralis
_______ is a hormone that is released by the pituitary that directly regulates cell growth
growth hormone
a common way to measure growth in animals is ____ which is the change in its weight per unit time
average daily gain
the parathyroid gland produces and secretes ______, which regulates calcium & phosphorous metabolism in the body
parathormone
the ____ selection method is a fast method to improve traits but only for 1 or 2
tandem
the total phenotypic variation due to the breeding value is known as the _____ of a trait
heritability
using the ______ selection method is popular because it can consider multiple traits & you can control the culling levels
independent culling level
the average age of the parents are born is known as the _______ for that species
generation interval
the phenotype of a trait is based upon the genotype of the individual and the ________ effects
environmental
a _______ is a powerful method of selection that ranks multiple traits, usually based on economic importance
selection index
the release of _____ by the duodenum causes the release of bile which _____ in the duodenum
CCK
emulsify fats
the majority of _______ is absorbed in the large intestine
water
microbes in the rumen break down carbs into acetic acid, propionic acid, & butyric acid, are collectively known as
volatile fatty acids
proteins are broken down by _____ released in the non-ruminant stomach and by _____ in the duidenum
pepsin
trypsin
microscopic _____ in the small intestine and the ____ of the rumen increase surface area to facilitate function
villi
papillae
the four compartments found in a ruminant stomach are….
rumen, omasum, reticulum, & abomasum
the enzyme secretin, released by the duodenal cells, targets ______ which neutralizes the chime by releasing buffers
pancreas
the non-ruminant stomach is very similar to the _____ compartment of the ruminant stomach and the _______ in chickens
abomasum
proventriculus
the most common building block of carbs is _____ and the building block of proteins is _____
glucose
animo acids
the amount of nutrient found in feedstuff is known as its ____________
digestibility
an example of a macro mineral is _____ and its function is ______
calcium
bone growth
the two essential fatty acids are ____ & ____
linoleic & linolenic
you analyze a sample of corn using the ether extraction technique. the two components you would expect to see are _____ and _____
fat (lipid or oil) & carbohydrate
the ________ is the method in which the nutrient composition of a feed is determined
proximate analysis
methionine is an example of a _____ and riboflavin is an example of a _______
protein(amino acid)
vitamin
a ________ operation adds marbling & fat to cattle immediately prior to harvesting
feedlot/finisher
the loss of up to 4% of a steer’s body weight due to shipping stress is known as ___
shrink
a _______ operation owns a group of cows that they consistently breed in order to obtain calves for sale
cow/calf
______ cattle breed has the second highest numbers in the US and were originally used as range cattle
hereford
a ______ operation purchases calves & raises them up to about a year of age (850 lbs)
stocker/yearling
_____ cattle breed are a continental breed that are most often white, muscular, & hae good growth rate and feed efficiency
charlois
the trait with the highest economic importance, including the calving rate & %calf crop weaned is ______
reproductive performance
the longevity/length of productive life of a cow has is known as its ____
stayability
if selecting cattle based on carcass merit, a producer should aim for a quality grade of ____ and a yield grade of ____
choice
2.0
most calves are placed in ____ after they are born until they can consume solid feed and their immune systems are fully functional
hutches
the only piece of milking machine that touches the cow’s teat is the _____
teat cup
the ____ cow has the highest % of fat in its milk
Jersey
_____ cow produces the most milk
Holstein
______ breed of dairy cow originated from scotland
Ayrshire
feed is typically provided as a ____ to lactating cows to ensure they receive all the required nutrients
total mixed ration (TMR)
dry cows are usually fed ____ for 50-60 days to increase their ___ & regenerate their mammary tissue
roughages
body condition score
