Screenings

Question 1

health education vs screening process

Answer 1

health education about screening is primary prevention, but the actual screening process is secondary prevention

Question 2

screening

Answer 2

detection of a disease in its early stages (treat and stop disease from spreading)

Question 3

individual screening

Answer 3

one person tested; often chosen based on risk factors; sometimes chosen based on universal screening

ex: mammogram for young adult with family history of breast cancer

Question 4

group or mass screening

Answer 4

target population selected on basis of increased risk

ex: vision screening in school children, testing for Phenylketonuria PKA in neonates

Question 5

one-test disease specific screening

Answer 5

single test; detects characteristics indicating high risk

ex: hemoglobin A1c and diabetes, cholesterol levels and hypercholesterolemia

Question 6

multiple test screening

Answer 6

2 or more tests to detect one disease

ex: TB screening (skin test, blood test, chest x-ray, sputum cultures)

Question 7

epidemiology

Answer 7

method used to find cause of disease (and outcomes) in populations

Question 8

morbidity

Answer 8

diseased state or disability from any cause (includes range or degree of illness)

Question 9

mortality

Answer 9

deaths in a given population as a result of a specific disease/illness/event

Question 10

significance

Answer 10

level of priority of disease as public health concern

Question 11

incidence

Answer 11

rate of new population problem and estimates risk of individual developing disease; measures new cases (acute)

(IN = incidence & new)

Question 12

prevalence

Answer 12

proportion of the population with disease at any one point in time; measures all cases within a set period (chronic)

(CP = current & prevalence)

Question 13

reliability

Answer 13

exact same results every time; extent a measuring procedure yields consistent results on repeated administrations of the scale

Question 14

validity

Answer 14

measuring what you actually want to measure; degree a measuring procedure accurately reflects or assesses or captures the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure

who has & who doesn’t have the disease

Question 15

inter-observer

Answer 15

same results when 2 persons do test

Question 16

intra-observer

Answer 16

same person able to reproduce results

Question 17

test sensitivity

Answer 17

ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive)

Question 18

test specificity

Answer 18

ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative)

Question 19

U.S. Preventative Services Task Force

Answer 19

panel of experts in primary care and prevention who review the evidence of effectiveness and develop recommendations for clinical preventative services