Screening questions Flashcards
Imaging modality of choice when evaluating a child for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
US
Typical age of intussusception in infants
3 months - 3 years.
What are the two typical anamnestic features of acute appendicitis?
First epigastric and periumbilical
pain, later the pain is localized in the right lower abdominal quadrant.
Standard imaging modality of polytraumatized patients
Acute CT
Most common cause of acute abdomen in children:
Appendicitis.
Which is the most common cause of strangulation ileus?
Incarcerated hernia.
The most common cause of transfusion-requiring hematochezia, without abdominal pain and without
diarrhea:
Meckel’s diverticulum.
You find a high GGT in a patient with ulcerative colitis, what should you think about?
Sclerosing cholangitis.
What are the typical characteristics of perianal fissures in Crohn’s disease?
Not in the midline, deep, not
painful.
What is the first therapeutic choice in Crohn’s disease?
Exclusive enteral nutrition.
What are the two most frequent chest deformities?
Pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum.
What are typical signs of bacterial otitis externa?
Pain and/or tenderness of the tragus.
What are the 4 most important indications of adenoidectomy?
Recurrent infections of the
upper respiratory tract, recurrent otitis media, inhibition of nasal breathing, obstructive sleep apnea.
The most frequent pathogen of sinusitis and otitis media?
Str. pneumoniae
In which cases of middle-ear inflammatory disease should we suggest tympanostomy tubes (Grommet)?
Chronic serous otitis media and/or chronic dysfunction of the Eustachian tube.
What is the most frequent pathogen in urinary tract infections?
E. coli.
What are the typical abnormalities in urine analysis in glomerulonephritis?
Red blood cells and red blood cell cylinders. Proteinuria can also appear.
What is the most frequent cause of hypertension before the adolescent age?
Kidney disease.
Which is the most frequent glomerulonephritis type?
IgA nephropathy.
What is the prognosis of West-syndrome or infantile spasm?
Usually poor.
Which bacterium is the most frequent cause of childhood pneumonia?
Str. pneumoniae.
What are the two main components of the treatment of pseudocroup?
Rectal steroid, inhalation of adrenaline.
What is the most common cause of new onset cough?
Viral infection.
What is the Holzknecht sign characteristic for?
Airway foreign body aspiration.
What is the most common cause of a cough ongoing since birth which always presents during feeding?
Tracheoesophageal fistula.
What percentage of the mortality is caused by accidents in Hungary in children older than 1 year?
36- 40%, this is the main cause of death in children older than 1 year.
What is the prognosis of juvenile absence epilepsy?
Usually favorable.
What can prevent coronary artery disease (aneurysm) in Kawasaki syndrome?
IVIG.
What is the most serious complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Macrophage activation syndrome
(MAS).
Which muscles are affected in juvenile polymyositis?
Proximal muscles of the limbs.
What is the typical feature of stool in biliary atresia?
Clay-colored (acholic) stool.
What kind of diseases are included in atopic march
and in which order?
Atopic dermatitis - food allergy - asthma bronchiale - allergic rhinitis
How is food allergy diagnosed?
What is the reliability of IgE testing?
IgE testing is not reliable.
The diagnosis should be based on double blind oral food challenge.
In which case serological testing is not informative in celiac disease.
In IgA deficiency.
What is the diagnostic basis of endocarditis?
Blood culture and echocardiography
What are the upper airway infections that should be treated with antibiotics?
Streptococcus angina, acute
otitis media and acute bacterial sinusitis.
What is the diagnostic basis of erythema migrans?
The fact of tick bite and the clinical picture:
growing erythema which is more than 5 cm in diameter.
What is the ideal age for closing the soft palate defect?
Between 9 and 18 months.
What is the most likely diagnosis in the following case: patient with polyuria, polydipsia with positive urine glucose and acetone test?
Diabetes mellitus.
A patient with typical diabetes symptoms has a 18.2 mmol/l blood sugar level in the afternoon. What is to be done?
Refer the child to a pediatric diabetic center immediately.
What kind of hormonal changes are seen in the salt wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficiency of 21-hydroxylase?
Insufficient glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid
secretion, excessive androgen secretion.
How does the mother’s iodine deficiency influence the newborn’s thyroid function?
It results in temporary primary hypothyroidism
Which is the most common adrenocortical enzyme defect?
The defect of the 21-hydroxylase enzyme.
What are the most typical histologic findings in ulcerative colitis?
Crypt abscesses.