Screening for Hematologic Disease Flashcards
what does blood consist of?
- Plasma
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- Platelets
what does plasma do?
carries antibodies and nutrients to tissues and removes wastes from tissues
what is the role of erythrocytes?
carry oxygen to tissues and remove CO2 from them
what is the role of leukocytes?
act in inflammatory/immune responses
what is the role platelets (thrombocytes)?
together with coagulation factors in plasma, control the clotting of the blood
S/S of hematologic disorders with minimal exertion
- dyspnea
- chest pain
- palpations
- severe weakness
- fatigue
Neurological symptoms of hematologic disorders
- HA
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Syncope
- Polyneuropathy
S/S of hematologic disorders
- neurological symptoms
- skin fingernail changes
- pallor of the face, hands, nail beds, and lips
- cyanosis of clubbing of nail beds
- presence of blood in stool
- easy bruising
what is included in the hematologic review of systems?
- skin color or nail bed changes
- bleeding: nose, gums, easy bruising, melena
- fatigue, dyspnea, weakness
- rapid pulse, palpitations
- confusion, irritability
- HA
List Hematologic Disorders
- Anemia
- Polycythemia
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Leukocytosis
- Leukopenia
- Thrombocytosis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Hemophilia
what is anemia?
a reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
results of abnormality in quality or quantity or RBCs
what are the most common causes of anemia?
- excessive blood loss
- increased destruction of erythrocytes
- decreased production of erythrocytes
PT considerations for anemia
- diminished exercise tolerance is expected in pts with anemia and exercise should be approved by MD
what is polycythemia?
increase in number of RBCs and concentration of hemoglobin
increased whole blood viscosity and increased blood volume
PT considerations for polycythemia
results in thickening of blood and increased risk for clotting
what is sickle cell anemia
an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by presence of abnormal form of hemoglobin (altered shape of cell to sickled or curved shape)
populations that sickle cell anemia is more prominent in
- more common in African Americans
- also in individuals from:
- India
- Mediterranean countries
- Saudi Arabia
- Caribbean islands
- South and Central America
sickle cell anemia is characterized by what?
a series of “crises” or acute manifestations of symptoms