Screening and Vaccines

Question 1

Primary Prevention

Answer 1

Measures to prevent onset of new disease or health problem

Example: health counseling to prevent illness/injury, immunizations and chemoprophylaxis

Question 2

Active
Vs
Passive

Answer 2

Active immunizations through vaccines = long term protection

Passive immunity through administration of select antibodies (IG) or mother to fetus = short term

Question 3

Secondary prevention

Answer 3

Attempts to ID asymptomatic persons with risk factors and intervene

Screenings: pap, mammo, BP, HLD and DM

Question 4

Tertiary

Answer 4

Prevention measures to minimize complications and side effects of known disease

Example: meds, lifestyle and fire

Question 5

Influenza vaccine

Answer 5

Soreness/redness at injection site is common, droplet transmission, incubation 1-4d

Contraindications:

S/s: dry cough, myalgia, fever, HA, malaise, rhinitis, sore throat
S/s kids: AOM, n/v

Question 6

MMR

Answer 6

1957 or earlier likely immune d/t natural infx

Young, unvaxxed = 2 doses >1m apart

CI: anaphylactic reaction to neomycin/gelatin, preggo,

Question 7

Pneumonia

Answer 7

Significant reactions are rare

Risk for invasive pneumonia infx: splenectomy

PCV13- early childhood, more effective
PCV23- all ages over 2yo

Question 8

Screening Recommendations
(Primary Prevention)

Pap and HPV

Answer 8

Cytology (pap) q3y -21-65yo
Or
Cytology and HPV q5y-30-65yo

*no HPV screen

Question 9

Lung Cancer Screening
Low-dose computed tomography
(LDCT)

Answer 9

Annual LDCT 55-80yo with 30 pack-year smoking hx AND currently smoke OR quit 15 years since quit OR
changes limiting life expectancy OR ability to have lung surgery

Question 10

Osteoporosis Screening

Answer 10

Women >65 and younger women with fracture risks similar to those of 65yo

Question 11

Mammogram Screening

Answer 11

ACS rec: start at 45yo or 40 if RFs, q2y >54yo
USPSTF rec: 50yo q2y

RF: FHx of cancer

False positives are more common <50yo (menopause) d/t denser breast tissue

Question 12

Colonoscopy Screening

Answer 12

50-75yo

Colonoscopy q10y

High sensitivity FOBT (3 consecutive stools) q1y

Sigmoidoscopy q5y with FOBT q3y