Screening

Question 1

Screening

Answer 1

-Organized attempt to detect, among apparently healthy people in the community, disorders or risk factors of which they are unaware, with the intention to treat or do something about it

• The testing of healthy person in order to diagnose disorders at an early stage.
• Screening is the process of examining a group of usually asymptomatic people to detect those with a high probability of having a given disease (Stedman, 2008).

Question 2

Roleof PT

Answer 2

• Being proactive than reactive
• Primarily
• Preventative and promotative role
• Primary prevention-prevention of disease by controlling the risk factor
• Secondary prevention-reduction in consequences of a disease by early diagnosis and treatment.
• Tertiary prevention-reduction in the complications of a disease through rehabilitation.

Question 3

Screening Criteria

Answer 3

• Diagnosis-serious, high prevalence of preclinical, stage and natural history understood- (it depends on the problem/disease prev)
• Diagnostic test/tool: sensitive & specific, simple & cheap, safe and acceptable, reliable.

Question 4

Validity of screening test

Answer 4

• Sensitivity-how good is the test at finding people with disease.
-True positive: A true positive test e.g. HIV test
• Specifity-how good is the test at excluding the people without the disease.
-False-Positive: A positive test in someone who does not have the disease.
-False-Negative : A negative test in someone who has the disease.
• Get second opinion!

Question 5

Method/procedure for screening

Answer 5

(Planning cycle)
• Needs assessment
• Set objectives, target and indicators
• E.g. To screening children aged 4-6years at the Maangani Community Crèche in order to refer for future intervention and follow-up on any identified problems.
• Planning and preparation-tools, OM should be context specific
• Screening process
• Interpretation of screening results
• Action (Intervention strategies
Monitoring and evaluation

Question 6

Intervention strategies: true positive

Answer 6

• Depends on the nature and the type of your screening. 
• Provide feedback to the client
• In depth assessment
• Home/work visit
• Appropriate referral
• Intervention must incl. education
-monitor and evaluate

Question 7

Ethics

Answer 7

Failure to inform-results of
screening
• Failure to solve any additional problems that arose which were not specifically related to the screening process
• Failure to intervene
• Failure to follow up
• Permission/consent
• Privacy and dignity
• Screening with no intention to assist should a problem be found
• Failure to screen once the permission has been granted
• Screening if Is unsafe