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higher history > Scottish wars of independence > Flashcards

Scottish wars of independence Flashcards

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1
Q

why is Alexander III’s reign, which lasted from 1249 until 1286, often referred to as the ‘golden age’ of Scotland?

A
  • Scotland had good relations with England
  • church of Scotland was very powerful
  • economy was good, Berwick upon tweed was a trading port for Scotland
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2
Q

why did the death of Alexander III’s wife (Margaret) and three children cause such a problem for the people of Scotland?

A

because there was no direct Male heir to the heir

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3
Q

what year did Alexander III die?

A

1286

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4
Q

Alexander III’s granddaughter, Margaret maid of Norway, was to become the new Queen of Scotland. Why was accepting her as heir to the throne fraught with problems?

A
  • Margaret was only about 3 at this time
  • she lived in Norway
  • She was female
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5
Q

How did Alexander III die?

A

he was travelling from Edinburgh castle to Kinghorn to see his wife, Yolande on a stormy night even through he was advised not to. the next they found his body with a broken neck possibly caused by a fall from his horse.

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6
Q

Who were the ‘six guardians of Scotland’ and what were their job?

A

the guardians were made up of noblemen and clergy who were too look after Scottish affairs until a new Margaret was old enough to rule

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7
Q

Why was Edward I such a highly regarded figure during the medievil period?

A

because he was well acquainted with the law

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8
Q

what was outlined in the treaty of Salisbury in 1289?

A

Margaret would go to England until she was old enough to marry Edward I’s son

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9
Q

what was outlined in the treaty of Birgham in 1290?

A

the treaty safeguarded Scottish independence

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10
Q

After the death of Margaret the Maid of Norway, why did Edward I agree to help the guardians pick the next king of Scotland?

A

so he could be overlord of Scotland

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11
Q

what happened in Norham between 1291-92

A
  • edward made the candidate travel to Norham in England
  • Edward made the pay homage to him
  • he then picked the new king of Scotland
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12
Q

Why was John Balliol selected as Scotland’s king?

A

He had a strong claim to the throne

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13
Q

What were some of the things that Edward I did to King John in order to humiliate/ undermine him?

A
  • Edward demanded the King John personally fight in France

- often interfered in Legal proceedings in Scotland and Edward would mostly undo everything that King John had done

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14
Q

What was the Auld Alliance?

A

it was a treaty between Scotland and France that stated that if France was attacked, Scottish forces would invade England to help them

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15
Q

why were the 12 guardians elected ?

A

they were unhappy with Edward’s demands ad the performance of their king that the nobles decided to take action and form the ‘12 guardians of the realm’

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16
Q

What happened to king John at Kincardine in 1296?

A

He was captured by Edward and was forced to apologise publicly. Edward then stripped Balliol of all of his royal seals and John gained the nickname of ‘Toom Tabard’
Balliol was then imprisoned in the Tower of London until 1299 before being allowed to go into exile in France

17
Q

what nickname was given to Balliol

A

Toom Tabard

18
Q

What important items/relics did Edward I take from Scotand?

A
  • The stone of destiny

- the crown jewels

19
Q

Which 2 men led the Scottish resistance?

A

Andrew Moray and William Wallace

20
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Stirling Bridge?

A

Scotland won

21
Q

What happened to Andrew Moray after Stirling Bridge?

A

he died a few weeks after the battle due to his wounds

22
Q

Why was the Lubeck Letter sent?

A

To let people know that Scotland had overcome the power of the English and were now able to resume trade

23
Q

What was the result from the battle of Falkirk?

A

the Scottish cavalry fled leaving the schiltrons weak, it wasn’t long after this that the Scottish army was massacred and Wallace was forced to flee from the field

24
Q

Why did Wallace travel to France and Rome?

A

to promote support for the Scots against Edward I

25
Q

Who was William Wallace betrayed by?

A

Sir John Mentieth

26
Q

How did Wallace meet his death?

A

he was given a traitors death. Hung, Drawn and Quartered

27
Q

What happened in Greyfriars church in 1306?

A

Robert the Bruce met with John Comyn. Robert the stabbed Comyn to death

28
Q

After Bruce had proclaimed himself as King, what happens to King Roberts Family?

A

Bruce’s brother took his family to Kildrummy castle. they then went to Orkney for security but the Earl of Ross was no friend to Bruce and he sent his family down south to become Edward’s prisoners.
Atholl and Niall were hung, Drawn and quartered.
the women were all prisoners to Edward.

29
Q

What happens to King Robert in the Methven woods?

A

Him and his army were setting up camp in the woods where they were ambushed and his army was almost wiped out.

30
Q

What nickname was given to King Robert?

A

King Hob (king nobody)

31
Q

What happened at the battle of Loudon Hill?

A

Bruce won against the English and drew more people to the cause. and his 2 brothers were captured

32
Q

Why is the death of Edward I so significant?

A

the overlord was dead and he couldn’t invade Scotland anymore

33
Q

When Edward II is first crowned as King, King Robert focuses on consolidating power. How does he do this?

A

he takes over a lot of land owned by the Comyns and the MacDougalls
- then at a parlaiment in St Andrews, he was confirmed king with support from the Scottish Nobles and the King of France

34
Q

What was the Decrelation of the Clergy?

A

a document written by the Scottish Bishops confirming that Bruce was king with support from the nobles and forgave him for his sins

35
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Bannockburn?

A

Bruce won against the English and he managed to recapture all of the Scottish castles that were taken by the English

36
Q

What was the declaration of Arbroath?

A

it was a letter to the pope from Scottish nobles to argue Scotland’s freedom from the English

37
Q

What happened to Edward II and why was this a good thing for King Robert?

A

He was deposed by his wife (Isabella of France) and Edward III became the new king of England. the new king was only young and therefore east to over throw. Bruce sent an invasion force to England and as a result England was forced to request a truce

38
Q

What was the treaty of Edinburgh - Northampton?

A

a document that stated:

  • Edward III would renounce all claims of overlordship over the kingdom of Scotland
  • A marriage contract was arranged between Bruce’s son, David, and Joan, the sister of Edward III
  • Scottish Independence and Bruce’s position as king was officially recognised

higher history (1 decks)

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