SCOTTISH HISTORY WILL BE IN THE PAST SOON🥳 Flashcards
win at higher historyh am i not right fam
1
Q
BK knowledge for Migration of Scots! (5)
A
- In the 19th century, the textile industry in Scotland was flourishing
- By 1913, Glasgow produced 1/3 of the world’s locomotives and Paisley produced 80% of all thread worldwide
- Agriculture went into decline, in the mid 1800s, 30% of men in Scotland were farmers, compared to only 14% in the early 20th century
- Cities were overcrowded and disease ridden- with frequent epidemics of typhus and cholera
- From 1830 to 1939, over 2 million people left Scotland.
2
Q
Push Factors from the Highlands: (8)
A
- There was a potato famine in the 1840s, potatoes made up around 80% of Scottish people’s diets at the time, so 150,000 people were at risk of starvation)
- Many of the Lairds who tried to help the tenants affected by the famine went bankrupt, for example the MacLeods.
- The Highland Clearances involved large estates removing crofters to make space for the more profitable sheep farming and deer stalking businesses. For example, crofting families in Caithness had their houses burned down so they could not return. The clearances only ended in 1886 with the Crofter’s Holdings Act.
- James Matheson paid the people who lived on his estate on Lewis to leave, by 1856 he had paid 2200 crofters to leave.
- By 1861, 1/3 of all Western Highlanders had left.
- Highland blackhouses were old fashioned and basic compared to newer ‘white’ housing options in urban areas.
- Kelp farming supported 40-50,000 people but declined in 1822. In Benbecula, 7-8,000/12,000 people relied on kelp farming as their only source of income.
- The fishing industry went into decline for 20 years after Germany and Russia stopped buying Scottish herring due to hyperinflation and the Russian civil war.
3
Q
Push factors for leaving the lowlands? (2)
A
- changes to farming such as the invention of the self-binding reaper and the potato digger meant that there was less employment available on lowland farms. it would take 22 men to work an acre of land in 1840, but only 12 in 1914
- There was a lot of unemployment in cities, caused by inventions such as the power loom which made worker’s skills redundant. Furthermore, the lack of trade following WW1 led to a lot of unemployment
4
Q
Pull factors to leave Scotland (8)
A
- There were new industries emerging in the lowlands, such as jute, textiles, alcohol and shipbuilding
- The Highlands and Islands Emigration Society helped crofters go to Australia and Canada, from 1852-1854, they helped over 2000 people emigrate from the Highlands
- The Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners were a government organisation which bought land in the colonies to sell to emigrating highlanders until 1878. £10,000 helped highlanders emigrate
- 2000 hand loom weavers were funded to move to Canada
- The Empire Settlement Act 1922 also gave £3million each year to help people move to the colonies
- Children were also helped to leave Scotland, for example WIlliam Quarrier’s 1871 orphanages sent some children to Canada in 1872, and by 1933, 7000 children had done the same. The YMCA also sent young boys across the British Empire.
- Transport had hugely improved with the advent of the industrial revolution. The boat journey from Scotland to the USA had decreased from 6 weeks in 1850 to only 1 week in 1914. The train journey from Glasgow to London had also reduced to only 12 hours.
- There were also much better wages in some of the new colonies than there were in Scotland. Granite workers in the USA could earn as much in a day and a half as Scottish ones could in a week.
5
Q
Impact of Scots on Canada: (9)
A
- By 1899, 1/3 of Canadian businesses were owned by Scots, despite their only making up 16% of the population
- The Canadian-Pacific railway was supported by a Scot, John MacDonald, funded by George Stephen and engineered by Sandford Flemming, all Scots.
- Gaelic is still spoken in Nova Scotia, and there is a Canadian dialect of Gaelic called Annan.
- The first few Canadian prime ministers were Scots, for example John MacDonald and Alexander MacKenzie were Scottish
- Scots did inter-marry with the Native Canadians, and their children were called the ‘Anglo-Metis’
- Indigenous Canadian people would riot against Scottish colonisers. For example, the 1869 Red River Rebellion and the 1885 North West Rebellion
- Residential schools were set up by Scots to ‘kill the Indian in the child’ and 150,000 indigenous (Meti, Inuit, First Nations) children were stolen from their homes and families.
- Scots would trade with the Native Peoples, they would share their medical knowledge in turn for advice on how to survive the harsh conditions.
- Schools were set up by Scots, for example the St. John’s College in Manitoba and McGill University in Montreal. Bishop McEarchan set up a religious college based on the Scottish Schooling system on Prince Edward Island
6
Q
Who was Sandford Flemming?
A
The bitch who engineered the Canadian-Pacific Railway innit
7
Q
Who was John MacDonald?
A
- Prime minister of Canada and also supported the C-P railway
8
Q
Who was George Stephen?
A
absolute babe who funded the C-P railway innit
9
Q
Who was Alexander MacKenzie?
A
another prime minister of Canada
10
Q
Who was Bishop McEarchan?
A
formed a college in Canada on Prince Edward Island based off the Scottish school system
11
Q
Impact of Scots on India: (10)
A
- Scots developed India’s main trade routes, including the exports of jute, sugar and cotton, and developed the tea trade. For example, the East India Company was founded by Henry Dundas in the 1700s, and Thomas Lipton, a merchant from Glasgow, was key in developing the tea trade and building plantations.
- James Ramsay, the Marquis of Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India from 1848-1856 and oversaw the construction of Canals, Railways and Irrigation systems
- Andrew Yule was famous for developing trade routes between Britain and India, he set up the Hoolung Pooree tea company and was involved in Jute as well.
- Scots were involved in the military in India, the First War of Indian Independence from 1857-1859 involved the Commander-in-Chief of the British Troops Sir Colin Campbell
- Scots were heavily involved in the Indian Government, there were six Scottish Gorvernor-Generals and Viceroys, Including Sir James Ramsay (1848-1856)
- Many Scots were missionaries and educators in India, Alexander Duff set up a school in Calcutta that was used as a model for more schools in India.
- John Wilson set up the Abercrombie English School in Bombay.
- Scots banned practices in India such as Suttee (human sacrifice) and Thugee (ritual murder). James Dalhousie was highly involved in this.
- Many Scots were trying to spread Presbyterianism in India, they did this by opening churches and converting people. Churches were opened in places such as Sora and Serampore by Ministers such as Alexander Duff
- A police force was created in modern day Pakistan in 1842 by Charles Napier
12
Q
What did Henry Dundas do?
A
- MF founded the East India Company in the 1700s
13
Q
Thomas Lipton???
A
- Developed India’s plantations and tea trade
14
Q
James Ramsay, Marquis of Dalhousie?
A
Governor General of India from 1848-1856 and oversaw the construction of Railways, Canals and Irrigation systems
15
Q
Sir Colin Campbell
A
Commander-in-Chief of the British troops in the First War of Indian Independence. from 1857-1859
