Scotland Flashcards
Is adding enzymes to the barley during the germination phase of malting legally allowed in scotland?
No. While enzyme additives are allowed in other countries to enhance the conversion of cereal starches into consumable sugars, in Scotland all the enzyme must come from what is in the barley naturally.
How many times is the barley steeped in scotland?
Typically the barely is immersed 3 times over 2-3 days to activate enzymes and raise/maintain moisture levels of the grain between 12-46%
During the germination phase of malting barely, what is “Turning the piece”?
“Turning the piece” is when the germinating barley grain is turned to prevent root clumping.
What are Cas Bhic or gaelic for “little feet”
Cas Bhic are the pyramid shaped stacks of fresh cut peat.
How long is Cas Bhic left to dry before it can be used?
At least 1 year.
Prior to Mashing, what is “Culm”?
Culm is the whithered roots and shoots from the malting process. It is removed or “dressed” prior to further processing by the malsters.
What is the maximum moisture content allowed on Malted barely prior to Mashing/Fermentation?
12%
What is the ratio of flour, husk, and grist for milled barley to begin Mashing?
10% Flour
20% Husk
70% Grist
How many times is the “worts” washed in the mash tun?
3 times.
What is done with the final wash or “water”?
Its used as the first water on the next mash
When a distiller pumps the wort slowly through the mash tun, what is the result?
A “clear wort” or, a spirit with little cereal character.
When a distiller pumps the wort through the mashtun quickly, what is the result?
A “Cloudy” Wort. This spirit will have a distinctly malty characteristic, as it pulls some of the solids from the grist/mash through the mash tun.
What temperature is the water run through the mash tun?
146.3 F or 63.5 C
What are the cooled worts pumped into for frementation?
Washback
What are Washbacks made of?
Wood or Stainless Steel
How long is a short fermentation, and how does this effect the spirit?
~48 - 55 hours for a short ferment. This will result in a pronounced malty characteristic of the final spirit.
How long is a long ferment, and how does it effect the resulting spirit?
55+ Hours. This increases esterification, and produces lighter, more complex, and fruitier spirits.
What is the ABV of the wash after fermentation in the washbacks?
8%
What is the spirit called that comes from the first run in the “wash still”. What is its abv?
“Low wines”. ~23% ABV
What is the name of the second still or run of the spirits?
“Spirit Still”
What are the three distillates of spirit out of the “Spirit still”?
Foreshots
Heart
Feints
What is done with the foreshots and feints from the spirit run?
Reused into the low wines of the next batch through the spirit still.
When a still is tall, with a slender neck, or when a still is run slowly, how does this effect the resulting spirit?
This creates a “long conversation” with the copper, meaning the final spirit will be lighter.
What do small stills or faster distillation cause in the resulting spirit?
A “Short Conversation” with the copper, creates heavier, and often more oily spirit characteristics.
What two condensing systems can a distiller use on their still?
Shell and Tube
Worm Tubes
What is the condensing system that has multiple smaller tubes surrounded by cold water?
How does it effect the resulting spirit?
Shell and Tube
Because of larger surface area/contact with copper, the resulting spirit is often lighter
When the still has one long copper pipe coiled in a tank of water, what is this condensing system?
How does this effect the resulting spirit?
Worm Tub
The more traditional method, because of lower surface area/contact with copper the resulting spirit tends to be heavier.
What is the container called where the spirits come out of the spirit still on the second run?
Spirit Safe
If the distiller cuts the hearts off early ( or begins the feints sooner) how will this effect the final spirit?
The early parts of the hearts are lighter and more delicate. Cutting the hearts short results in a lighter, more fragrant whisky.
When a distiller allows the hearts to run longer, (or extends the hearts section) how will this effect the final spirit?
The aromas deepen as the hearts/distillation run longer. Longer or later cut points in the hearts will result in more oily, rich, and smoky profiles in the spirit.
What is the new spirit called?
White dog or new make
What ABV is the spirit typically adjusted to for barreling in Scotland?
63.5%
What three cask types are used for primary maturation of scotch whisky?
Ex-Bourbon
Ex-Sherry
Refill Casks
What do Ex-Bourbon Casks impart on the new make scotch?
Made from American Oak, and having stored Bourbon for at least 2 years, these casks impart flavors of vanilla, creme brulee, pine, eucalyptus, spice, coconut, dill, and tropical fruits.
What do Ex-Sherry Casks impart on the new make scotch?
The book says: Made from European Oak, while the 7 different sherry types can effect the resulting flavors on the scotch, generally, the european oak will impart dried fruit aromas, clove, incense, walnut, and baking spice. European oak will also impart a richer color, and more mouth drying tannins.
In accuracy, most sherry casks are made of American oak.
How do Refill Casks effect new make scotch during maturation?
Refills, or Casks of any type that have been used a number of times with new make scotch, will reflect significantly less, or no nature of either the first spirit (Bourbon/sherry) or the specific profiles of the oak species. Also referred to as “Neutral Casks”, these barrels are used to help reduce the overall impact of oak on the spirit, as well as showcase the the distiller’s specific style, and less adulterated new make.
What is Cask Finishing?
Cask Finishing is where an aged spirit will spend a shorter period in a secondary oak, or cask from a different spirit to impart additional flavors (sauternes, madeira, sherry, port, other wine, etc)
What is the minimum ABV for bottling scotch whisky?
40% or 80 Proof
What is it called when spirit caramel is added to a finished scotch?
Caramel Adjustment, A coloring agent used to standardize the spirit color
What year was the Excise Act Passed in Scotland?
1823
Who started Glenlivet?
George Smith
When did George Smith start distilling?
1817
Where did George Smith start distilling?
Upper Drumin Farm in the wilds of Glen Livet
Who produced the first legal whisky in Glen Livet?
George Smith, Later rebranding their whisky from Old Drumin distillery to “THE Glenlivet”
When did George Smith Close the old Drumin Distillery?
1858, where they moved to their current location.
How many stills does The Glenlivet run?
7 pairs
Does The Glenlivet run a short ferment or long?
Short, ~48 hours.
According to record, what flavor character did George Smith want to target in his spirits?
Pineapple.
What year did The Glenlivet get is license to distill?
1824
In what area of Speyside is The Glenlivet located?
Southern Speyside
Where is Glenfarclas located?
Lower slopes of Ben Rinnes - Speyside
Who has the largest stills in Speyside?
Glenfarclas
What year did Glenfarclas begin distilling?
1836
Where are all of Glenfarclas’ whiskys aged?
in Dunnage (low slate roofed earth floored warehouses)
What is the predominant wood used at Glenfarclas?
First Fill Sherry Casks from Jose-Miguel Martin
What family runs Glenfarclas?
The Grants
What effect does the onsite dunnage aging of Glenfarclas have on their spirit?
A very low annual loss of 0.05%, (industry average is 2%) which allows the whisky to mature very slowly.
When was The Macallan founded?
1824
What are some of The Macallan new make flavor notes?
Oily, Malty, Deep, and Sweet
What size stills does The Macallan use?
Very Small Spirit Stills
Does The Macallan use direct fire or steam to heat their stills?
Steam
What casks does The Macallan use?
Ex-Sherry Casks made of a mix of European and American Oak
Where is The Macallan located?
The Ben Rinnes Cluster - Speyside
Where is Glenfiddich located?
The Dufftown Cluster - Speyside
What was the first Scotch distillery to open to the public?
Glenfiddich - 1969
When was Glenfiddich Founded?
1886
Who built Glenfiddich in 1886?
William Grant
Which Scotch Distillery used a Solera method for their 15 YO line?
Glenfiddich
Which Speyside distillery has a cooperage, coppersmith, and does all their bottling onsite?
Glenfiddich
How many stills does Glenfiddich run?
28 - Small Stills (Similar to Macallan)
Where is Glen Moray located?
Elgin - Northern Speyside
Which Eglin Group distillery was originally a brewery?
Glen Moray
When did Glen Moray reopen after closing in 1910?
1923
What is a distinct flavor profile of Glen Moray?
A buttery soft quality to the whisky.