scoring systems and mnemonics Flashcards
4AT screening
Alertness (0 or 4)
Abbreviated mental test (age, DOB, place, year; 1 mistake = 1 and 2 or more is 2)
Attention (months of year backwards. if cannot = 2, if score <7 or refuse to start = 1 and 0 if more than 7)
Acute changes or fluctuating course (yes = 4)
differentiates vasular dementia vs alzheimers
Hachinsky Ischaemic Score
4As of dementia
amnesia
agnosia
apraxia
aphasia
MMSE
27 = normal
21-26 = mild
11-20 = mod
10 and below = severe
MoCA
26 is cut off
MoCA vs MMSE
MoCA more sensi, more emphasis on frontal executive functioning and attention from MMSE hence more sensitive
test for frontotemporal dementia?
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a measure of executive functioning due to the sensitivity in detecting frontal lobe dysfunction.
normal pressure hydrocephalus clinical picture (3 features)
Insidious onset of dementia, unsteady gait, urinary incontinence.
pseudodementia scale
Geriatric Depression Scale
lewy body clinical hx - 2 or more…
Recurrent visual hallucinations (typically well-formed).
Episodic confusion.
REM sleep behaviour disorder.
One or more features of Parkinsonism (e.g. resting tremor).
metabolic screening in antipsychotics
height, weight, BMI, waist
circumference, blood pressure, pulse, fasting glucose, fasting cholesterol and lipids, HbA1c.
If the person is cognitively impaired (3)
- Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
- Montreal Cognitive
Assessment (MoCA) - Clock Drawing Test.
Assessment of frontal lobe function and discrimination between frontal dysexecutive dementia and dementia in Alzheimer disease (2)
Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)
Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-R)
Person presenting following an episode of self-harm or someone with suicidal ideation
Tool for Assessment of Suicide Risk or the Suicide Risk Assessment and Management Manual (S-RAMM).
Person with suspected depression rating scale (2)
- Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]
- Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D]
Person with suspected mania rating scale
Young Mania Rating Scale
Person with schizophrenia rating scales (4)
- Scale for the Assessment of Negative/Positive Symptoms (SANS, SAPS)
- Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
- 4-Item Positive Symptom Rating Scale
- Brief Negative Symptom Assessment.
Suspected anxiety rating scale
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)
Suspected obsessive compulsive disorder rating scale
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).
Suspected alcohol withdrawal assessment
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA)
Person with a suspected eating disorder scale
Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)
Postpartum female with suspected depression scale
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Assessment of risk of violence - the rating and its components?
HCR-20V3
10 past (‘historical’) factors
5 present (‘clinical’) variables
5 future (‘risk management’) issues.
autism rating scales (2)
Autistic Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R): interview conducted with the parents of individuals who have been referred for the evaluation of possible autism spectrum disorder.
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS): interview conducted with the child who has been referred for the evaluation of possible autism spectrum disorder.
ADHD assessment (5)
Interview with the parents
Interview with the child
Connors 3rd edition self-report (Conners 3–SR)
Connor’s Assessment Scale given to the parents and the teacher.
Collateral information from school: a school visit to observe behaviour in the classroom may be useful.
neuropsychological test used in people with a suspected brain injury
Halstead-Reitan Battery
six criteria in capacity to consent
understand, believe, retain, use, weigh in the balance and communicate
what is catatonia and how to treat
Stopping of voluntary movement or staying still in an unusual position
can treat with bezno
physiological abnormalities in anorexia
Gs and Cs are high
hypokalaemia
low FSH, LH, oestrogens and testosterone
raised cortisol and growth hormone
impaired glucose tolerance
hypercholesterolaemia
hypercarotinaemia
low T3
The classic triad in werenickes encephalopathy:
- ophthalmoplegia (often a lateral rectus palsy and/or horizontal nystagmus)
- confusion
- ataxia (though any cerebellar signs can be present).
However, this man also has features that make Korsakoff’s syndrome the unifying diagnosis: anterograde amnesia (he forgets your interaction) and confabulation (he makes up two different stories about his day).
