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scoring Flashcards

1
Q

wells score

A

PE/DVT

> 4 PE likely
1 DVT likely

previous DVT/PE,
immobilisation,
clinical sings,
HR>100

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2
Q

QRISK 3

A

likelihood of cardiac event in 10 years

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3
Q

GRACE

A

risk of ACS

used in NSTEMI to determine if need PCI

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4
Q

CHA2DS2VASc

A

C - congestive HF
H - HTN
A 2 - AGE > 75
D - T2DM
S 2 - prev stroke
V - vascular disease
A - age over 65
S - sex, female
c

used in patients with AF to determine stroke risk

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5
Q

ORBIT

A

used in patents with AF who need to start anticoagulation for risk of stroke

to calculate risk of bleeding

older age, low Hb, bleeding Hx

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6
Q

how are AAA scored

A

small < 3cm
large > 5.5cm

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7
Q

how is heart failure scored?

A

New York heart association severity
NYHA

Class I: no limitation (asymptomatic)
Class II: slight limitation (mild HF)
Class III: marked limitation (symptomatically moderate HF)
Class IV: inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort (symptomatically severe HF)

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8
Q

formal set of diagnostic criteria for congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

The Framingham Criteria

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9
Q

scoring of aortic dissection? (2)

A

stanford - A (ascending) B (descending)

deBakey

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10
Q

what are the thresholds for HTN?

A
  1. 140/90 or 135/85 (home)
  2. 160/100. or 150/95
  3. 180/120
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11
Q

what is the scoring for IE?

A

Dukes

BE FEVER

major
Blood cultures positive
Evidence of endocardial involvement on Echo

minor
Fever >38
Evidence from MB
Vascular phenomena eg.Janeway lesions
Evidence from immunology eg. Roth spots
Risk groups eg. IVDU

Definite IE diagnosis = 2 major, 1 major + 3 minor, 5 minors

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12
Q

what is Fontaine classification used for?

A

peripheral vascular disease

1 = Asymptomatic
2 = Intermittent claudication
3 = Ischemic rest pain
4 = Ulceration/gangrene (Critical ischemia)

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13
Q

how is lymphoma staged?

A

ann arbour staging

  1. Involvement of lymph nodes in 1 region
  2. 2 or more lymph node regions but same side diaphragm
  3. Affects lymph nodes both sides of diaphragm
  4. Widespread disease outside lymph nodes in bone, liver, lung

Prefixed with A or B
A – absence of B symptoms
B - presence of B symptoms

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14
Q

what is the Glasgow Blatchford Score?

A

The Glasgow Blatchford Score is a system used to risk stratify patients with upper GI bleeds - this means that it considers factors that may indicate a more severe bleed.

involves: Haemoglobin , Urea , Systolic blood pressure , Gender , Heart rate, Melaena, History of syncope, History of hepatic disease, cardiac failure

7 + need endoscopic intervention

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15
Q

how is coeliac classified?

A

MARSH classification

0 = normal
1 = increased intraepithelial lymphocytes
2 = increased intraepithelial lymphocytes + crypt hyperplasia
3a = partal villous atrophy
3b = subtotal villous atrophy
3c = tota villous atrophy

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16
Q

dukes classification is used in infective endocarditis

there is another dukes. what is this used in?

A

staging colorectal cancer

A - limited to mucosa
B - into submucosa
C - regional lymph node involvement
D - metastasis

17
Q

on the Bristol stool chart what levels are constipation? and what levels are diarrhoea?

A

1 -2 are constipation

6-7 are diarrhoea

18
Q

how do you calculate alcohol dependency?

A

CAGE >2 is addiction

Cut down,
Annoyed,
Guilty,
Eye-opener

19
Q

what are the AKI criteria

A

Improving Global Outcomes’ (KDIGO) criteria defines AKI based on one of the following parameters:

An increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 26.5 micromol/L within 48 hours
An increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 1.5 times baseline within 7 day
Urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/hr for six hours

20
Q

define AKI parameter for stage 1,2,3

A

stage 1
An increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 26.5 micromol/L within 48 hours
or
An increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 1.5 times baseline
or
Urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours

stage 2
An increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 2-3 times baseline
or
Urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 12 hours

stage 3
An increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 3 times baseline
or
An increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 354
or initiated on RRT
or
Urine output < 0.3 mL/kg/hr for 24 hours

21
Q

CKD classification

A

stage 1: GFR >90 mild damage

stage 2: 60-89 GFR mild damage

stage 3a: 45-59 GFR moderate damage, dont work as well as should

stage 3b: 30-44 GFR moderate damage, dont work as well as should

stage 4: 15-29 GFR severe damage, close to not working

ate 5: <15 GFR, severe damage, renal failure

22
Q

what does the royal Marsden hospital RMH stage?

A

testicular cancer

23
Q

what is the staging for prostate cancer?

A

Gleason

24
Q

wich GU cancers use TNM staging?

A

renal
bladder

25
Q

what is the criteria used fro Multiple sclerosis?

A

Mcdonalds criteria
- dissemination in time and space
- at least 2 relapses

26
Q

what is the Brighton criteria used for?

A

Guillian barre syndrome

27
Q

how is ischaemic stroke classified?

A

Bamford

total anterior circulation stroke 3/3
- unilateral weakness +/- sensory deficit of face/arm/leg
- homonymous hemianopia
- higher cerebral dysfunction eg. dysphasia

partial anterior circulation stroke is 2/3 of the above

lacunar syndrome (small perforating arteries)
- pure sensory
- pure motor
- Sensory and motor
- ataxic hemiparesis

posterior circulation syndrome
- isolated homonymous hemianopia
- bilateral motor/sensory deficit
- cerebellar dysfunction eg. ataxia
- Cranial neve palsy

28
Q

what is child Pugh score used for

A

predicts mortality in liver cirrhosis patients

29
Q

how to assess reduced consciousness

A

glasgow coma scale

takes into account eyes, verbal and motor response

30
Q

what is FRAX tool?

A

estimates risk of major fracture in next 10 years

31
Q

tool used in COPD to measure breathlessness

A

Use CAT assessment to grade with MRC Dyspnoea Scale

Grade 1: Breathless on strenuous exercise
Grade 2: Breathless on walking up hill
Grade 3: able to walk on flat at own pace
Grade 4: Stop to catch breath after 100/200m walking on flat
Grade 5: Unable to leave house due to breathlessness on minor tasks

32
Q

tool for pneumonia to predict mortality

A

CURB-65 score

C- confusion
U - urea >7mmol/L
R - respiratory rate >30
B- BP <90 systolic and/or <60 diastolic
Age >65

^ 1 pt for each

33
Q

CURB-65

what do scores mean for treatment?

A

If score 0-1: oral amoxicillin at home

If score 2: consider hospitalisation, amoxicillin (IV or oral) + macrolide

If score 3-5: consider ITU, IV co-amoxiclav + macrolide

34
Q

RA diagnostic criteria

A

ACR/EULAR

  • join involvement
  • serology test
  • acute phase reactants eg. CRP
  • patient reported symptoms

measure these 4 domains
6/10 is diagnostic

35
Q

diagnosis criteria for psoriasis arthritis

A

CASPAR criteria (need 2 or more)

Negative RF and anti-ccp
Nail changes
Dactylitis
Radiological evidence

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