SCOREBUILDERS Blood Pressure

Question 1

Define systolic blood pressure

Answer 1

SYSTOLE : CONTRACT
The force generated during ejection cycle in arteries

Normal values of systolic pressure (mmHg)
Newborn : 50-52
3-6 years : 78-114
10 years : 90-120
16 years : 104-120
Adults : 95-119

Question 2

Define Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 2

DIASTOLE : RELAX
The force exerted against the arteries at rest

Normative values of diastolic pressure 
Newborn : 25-30
3-6 years : 46-78
10 years : 56-84
16 years : 60-84
Adult : 60-79

Question 3

What are normative values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure of a newborn?

Answer 3

Newborn :
Systolic : 50-52 mmHg
Diastolic : 25-30 mmHg
(50/25 to 52/30)

Question 4

What are normative values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure of a toddler 3-6 years old?

Answer 4

Toddler (3-6yo)

Systolic : 78-114
Diastolic : 46-78

78/46 to 114/78

Question 5

What are normative values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure of a 10 yo child?

Answer 5

10 year old
S : 90 - 120
D : 56-84

90/56 to 120/84

Question 6

What are normative values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure for a teenager (16 yo)

Answer 6

16 yo 
S: 104-120
D: 60-84 
(104/60 to 120/84) 
*Terminal 120/84 is same for 10 yo child

Question 7

What are normative values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure for an adult

Answer 7

> 16 yo adult

S : 95-119
D: 60 - 79

95/60 to 119/79

Question 8

What two measures is blood pressure directly related to, which makes it an effective non-invasive performance measure of the PUMPING MECHANISM of the heart?

Answer 8

1. Peripheral vascular resistance
2. Cardiac output

***These two measures are directly related to BP

Question 9

What is indicated after systolic blood pressure has reached plateau, after it’s normal 8-12mmHg rise per 1metabolic equivalent?

Answer 9

S BP rises in a linear progression at a rate of 8-12mmHg per 1 Metabolic equivalent. If it’s reached a plateau, it COULD indicate the functional reserve capacity of the heart has been exceeded

Question 10

What is the range of diastolic adaptive dilation of peripheral vasculature during a normal exercise session?

Answer 10

Diastolic BP tends to stay the same during exercise. But, if it does change, it will increase or decrease at MAXIMUM by 10mmHg due to adaptive dilation of peripheral vasculature.

Question 11

When should an exercise session be terminated wrt systolic and/or diastolic limits.

Answer 11

S: Exceeds 210mmHg
D : Exceeds 110mmHg

Re: ‘Normative’ 95/60 to 119/79 adult

Question 12

What is pulse pressure, and what are healthy ranges?

Answer 12

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressure. A difference of 40mmHg is generally considered healthy.

Question 13

What are normal changes in systolic and diastolic pressures during exercises?

Answer 13

Systolic generally increases and diastolic stays the same.
In healthy adults, systolic BP can raise by 40-50mmHg for intense exercise.

Pulse pressure will also increase in direct proportion to systolic pressure increase, because it is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.

Question 14

What does an excessive pulse pressure indicate?

Answer 14

Excessive pulse pressure (at rest) = > 40mmHg
Difference between systolic & diastolic

Excessive pulse pressure may indicate
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
or
Hardening of the aorta / stiffening

Question 15

Is systolic pressure higher in the arms or the legs?

Answer 15

10-20% higher in the LEGS then in the ARMS (brachial artery)

Question 16

Is it normal to have a blood pressure higher in the arms then the legs?

Answer 16

NO. This is abnormal. It is usual for the blood pressure to be HIGHER in the legs by 10-20% then in brachial artery. This is why an ankle-brachial index > 1.0 is considered normal. Less than this, is considered indicative of peripheral vascular disease

Question 17

When is blood pressure increase higher : During eccentric/concentric loading, or isokinetic exercise?

Answer 17

Eccentric/concentric loading

Question 18

Does BP increase during eccentric or concentric phase of exercise?

Answer 18

BP increases more during concentric phase of an exercise rep or when valsalva maneuver is used (this is like bearing down, or equalizing the ear pressure?)

Question 19

What effect does age have on the amount of blood filling the ventricles?

Answer 19

There is no change on the amount of blood filling the ventricles, but the PUMPING mechanism decreases. So, an increase in blood pressure is seen to compensate and maintain homeostasis

Question 20

If there is no change (decrease or increase) in systolic BP during exercise testing, what could that indicate?

Answer 20

A plateau
OR
A decrease in cardiac output

Question 21

What is the general guideline for a systolic BP ratio after 3 minutes post-exercise?

Answer 21

Should be no greater than 90%.
So at peak if it’s 200, and after 3 min it’s 180 (180/200 )= 0.90, so this ratio is okay.

A three-minute systolic blood pressure ratio greater than 0.90 is considered abnormal and has a diagnostic accuracy of approximately 75 percent for the detection of coronary artery disease.