Scoliosis

Question 1

Most common type of scoliosis

Answer 1

adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Question 2

Idiopathic subtypes

Answer 2

infantile: 2 months to 3 years- .5%
juvenile : 3 years- 10 year- 10.5%
Adolescent : greater than 10 year- 89%

Question 3

Classification of idiopathic scoliosis congenital

Answer 3

failure of formation- hemivertebra
failure of segmentation - unilateral bar, block vertebra
Combination

Question 4

cobb angle

Answer 4

Formed by the inclination of the upper end plate of the upper end vertebra and the inclination of the lower end plate of the lower end vertebra

Greater angle, the more serious the disease

Question 5

Four stages of idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 5

infant age 3
- Spontaneous healing/ or surgery

Juvenile age 3 to 10
-Poor prognosis/growth

adolescent age 10 to 20
-Convex to Right handedness, girls greater than boys

Adult 20+
-Spinal and joint degeneration
-Increase in pain

Question 6

gender and scoliosis

Answer 6

Girls more affected than boys

Mild scoliosis -10° to 25° (4:1)

Moderate scoliosis -25° to 50° (7:1)

Severe scoliosis - greater than 50° (10:1)

Question 7

two types of pathogenic factors for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 7

Initiating factors
Progression factors

Question 8

curve progression involves a

Answer 8

Mechanical process called torsion with eccentric loading of the spine and vertebral growth modulation

This is the vicious cycle model

Question 9

vicious cycle model supports

Answer 9

Conservative management of scoliosis and other spinal deformities

Question 10

progression of the vicious cycle of asymmetrical loading during skeletal growth can lead to

Answer 10

Vertebral rotation
Gibbs deformity- hump
Kyphoscoliosis

weakness
Hypertrophy
Muscle imbalances
Trigger points

Question 11

progression that is left unchecked could lead to

Answer 11

Changing tone, affect spinal cord, and normal neurodynamics

affect normal function of heart, lungs, other organs

Question 12

neuromuscular scoliosis

Answer 12

Develops as a result of abnormal muscles or nerves and will occur people with condition such as
spina bifida
cerebral palsy
muscular dystrophy
poliomyelitis
Syringomyelia
Amyotonia congenita
Friedrick Ataxia
Spinal cord injury

Question 13

Marfan syndrome

Answer 13

Inherited disorder
affects connective tissue

Results in excessive height

Long arms and legs

Arachnodactyly

Protrusio acetabulae

severe heart failure
Aortic insufficiency
Myopia

Question 14

mesenchymal disorders

Answer 14

Marfan syndrome
morquios syndrome
rheumatoid arthritis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Certain dwarfism disorders

Question 15

individuals with pectus carinatum or excavatum affect

Answer 15

May severely affect pulmonary function

Question 16

morquio syndrome

Answer 16

Disease of the metabolism
Is missing or does not have a substance that breaks down long chains of glycosminoglycans GAGs which helps build cartilage, bone and connective tissues

Leads to a buildup and cells, blood and connective tissue damage overtime

Question 17

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 17

Brittle bone disease
Frequent fractures
high risk

Question 18

risser sign

Answer 18

indirect measure of skeletal maturity
On a scale of five

five means skeletal maturity is reached

Question 19

tri radiate cartilage

Answer 19

Y shaped epiphyseal plate
between the Ilium ischium and pubis to form the acetabulum of the ox coxa

in children, closes at about 12 years for girls, 14 years for boys in bone age
use hand for bone age

Question 20

observe movement by looking at

Answer 20

Flexion-curve enlarges
Extension - limited movement
Side flexion- asymmetry
Screen cervical spine
Test in sitting - to stabilize pelvis

Question 21

additional observations

Answer 21

Leg length
Gibbus
General fitness
Lung capacity
Cord compression
neuro dynamics
-Passive neck flex
-Slump test
-slump longsit
- straight leg raise

Question 22

scoliosis brace versus surgery

Answer 22

20 to 50° use brace
Greater than 50° do surgery

Question 23

Physical therapy treatment goals for scoliosis

Answer 23

slow progressive curvature
Maintain or improve general fitness and lung capacity
Observe and monitor curve changes
Posture, self correction and stretches
Treat symptoms
Motor control
Education, fear reduction
Brace use
Adaptations of ADLs