Scoliosis

Question 1

4 types of soliosis

Answer 1

Congenital
Neuromuscular
Early onset (Idiopathic)
Adolescent Idiopathic

Question 2

The type of scoliosis caused by bony abnormalities and identified in utero via ultrasound.

Answer 2

Congenital

Question 3

Hemivertebrae and fused hemi-vertebrae are examples of failure of _____________ .

Answer 3

Formation

Question 4

Block vertebrae, a bar, or a bar with hemivertebrae as examples of failure of _______________ .

Answer 4

Segmentation

Question 5

The type of scoliosis caused by disorders of the brain, SC, and muscular system causing an imbalance of the trunk and spine musculature and poor muscle control and spasticity. Can result in thoracic, lumbar, or pelvic obliquity and curves are not usually associated with pain.

Answer 5

Neuromuscular

Question 6

Type diagnosed by age 10, and not a result of congenital or NM etiologies. Previously categorized infantile vs. juvenile soliosis. Xray is used to assess risk of progression via cobb angle, angle of rotation, and rib vertebral angle difference.

Answer 6

Idiopathic / Early onset

Question 7

If cobb angle is less than 35 degrees, there is a 90% chance of resolve without treatment.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Type of soliosis diagnosed during pre/pubertal growth spurt ages 10-18. Etiologies unknown, but theories include genetic, metabolic, and biomechanical factors.
Makes up 80-90% of scoliosis diangoses

Genetic: identical twins, women with curves > 15 degrees
Metabolic: hypoestrogen, low nocturnal melatonin
Biomech: Hueteer Volkmann Law of Compressive & Distractive forces, geometric and mechanical torsion, muscular imbalance and abnormal distribution of slow and fast twitch fibers in multifidus, somatosensory dysfunction

Answer 8

AIS

Question 9

Risser measurement of ossification of iliac apophysis

Answer 9

0 no ossification
1 25%
2 25-50%
3 50-75%
4 100%
5 Complete osiffication, fusion of iliac crest growth is complete

Question 10

Calculation of risk of progression factor

Answer 10

Prog Factor = (Cobb angle - 3xRisser Sign) / chronological age

magnitude of curve = cobb angle
Risser sign = skeletal maturity

Question 11

Spinal asymmetry < 10 degrees

Answer 11

not scoliosis

Question 12

spinal asymmetry 10 - 25 degrees

Answer 12

mild

Question 13

spinal asymmetry 25-50 deg

Answer 13

moderate

Question 14

spinal asymmetry > 50 deg

Answer 14

severe

Question 15

dextro

Answer 15

right

Question 16

levo

Answer 16

left

Question 17

3 dimensional deformity of the spine

Answer 17

scoliosis

Question 18

Diagnostic criteria for scoliosis for each plane

Answer 18

Frontal: Cobb angle > 10 degrees
Transverse: angle of rotation >/= 5 degrees. posterior prominence
Sagittal: hypokyphosis, altered contour of thoracic and lumbar spine

Question 19

Anatomy of scoliosis

Answer 19

vertebra are wedge shaped
rib vertebral angle altered
pedicles rotated
discs are wedge shaped