sco 10.0 Flashcards
limitation of population growth through such measures as contraception, sterilization, and abortion.
population control
The term for a country remaining in Early Transition Stage with a high birth rate and a low death rate . And unable to get ahead because population growth causes economic problems. Since the economy cant advance the stage can’t.
demographic trap
When the demands of a growing population exceeds the country’s carrying capacity.
overpopulation
In this model the spread of new ideas and social norms occurs through various forms of social interaction and the influence of mass media (e.g., TV, news, magazines, etc.). People are influenced, but not forced to adopt change (e.g., Kerala).
change by diffusion
When a country only lets you have one child. Ex. China.
one child policy
In this model, governments adopt measures to force, or strongly encourage people to change their behaviours. (e.g., India and China).
structural change model
This decline in population in the Old Core.
A dramatic collapse in numbers, and an aging population.
population implosion
the average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime.
total fertility rate
private or government strategies to provide income for people during their retirement years.In Canada, like other Core countries, there will be fewer working people for each person receiving a pension.
pension plans
When a country’s fertility rate is low enough to cause a natural population decline.
birth dearth
double income, no kids
DINK
ideas or approaches that encourage people to have more children.
pronatalist strategies
a system that causes output from one point to eventually influence input back to that same point.
feedback loop
refers to the rate at which a country’s population is changing and is often shown as a percentage. A high rate is anything over 2%, while a low rate would be 1% or less.
population growth rate
the number of people that can be sustained by the Earth’s resources.
carrying capacity
producing more than you need.
surplus
was the process by which production of food and goods shifted from simple hand tools to complex machinery. This improved upon previous sources of energy for production (muscle power of people and animals). Coal (late 1700s) and oil (1800s) would be developed later.
industrial revolution
(migration to cities) as people sought to find work.
urbanization
was an effort to increase food production that introduced chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, improved machinery and techniques, and the development of new high yield (e.g., larger) crops.
green revolution
(GMOs) are foods that have had DNA from other organisms sliced or genetically engineered into their genetic structure. This began in 1994 as a way to improve characteristics such as size, shape, color, shelf-life, taste, disease and insect resistance.
genetically modified organisms
scientists who study population - believe that these changes in growth rate are not random, but predictable. One way this is shown is through analysis of birth rates, death rates, and factors that influence them.
demographers
the number of births in a country for every 1,000 people in the population.
birth rate
the number of deaths in a country for every 1,000 people in the population.
death rate
how quickly population increases due to natural causes and is a positive.
rate of natural increase
how quickly population decreases due to natural causes and is negative.
rate of natural decrease
the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.take the birth rate (BR) and subtract the death rate (DR).
RNC = BR - DR
rate of natural change
a measure of how dependant the non-working people of society (under 15 and over 65) are on the working class (15-64 age group)
Formula - DR = (pop. 0-14) + (pop 65+) x 100 / pop 15-64
dependency ratio
shows a population with a large number of young people and will eventually grow the population of a country
population is increasing because of a high birth rate
high death rate is seen by the rapid decrease between age groups and few people that live beyond age 65
usually indicates LEDC
expanding population
the theory that describes how countries experience a decrease in birth and death rates as they gain access to greater technology and become globalized.
demographic transition model
the number of children ( 2.1) that a woman needs to have to replace herself and partner
replacement level fertility
a graph that shows the structure of a population by age and gender at one point in time. It breaks down the makeup of a population by male-female balance and the number of people at different age groups.
population pyramid
some diseases are caused by organisms too small to be seen. This was a new idea during the Industrial Revolution and was first developed by Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis in the 1840s, but his theory was slow to catch on. He pioneered personal sanitation procedures in medicine
germ theory
population is decreasing
low birth rate / low death rate
child-bearing age are not replacing themselves
bottom more narrow than middle
usually indicates MEDC
contracting population
Population that is not significantly growing or shrinking
population is basically staying the same
declining birth rate / low death rate
child-bearing age groups are replacing themselves
middle is roughly the width of the bottom
usually indicates MEDC
stationary population
