Sciocal Learning Theory Flashcards
What are the assumptions?
People learn through both observation and imitation of others and from experience- learning happens directly through classical and operant conditioning but also indirectly.
What is Social Context?
What is SLT?
A way to explain behaviour that includes both direct and indirect reinforcement, combining learning theory with role of cognitive factors.
What is imitation?
Copying the behaviour.
What is identification?
When an observer associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like the role model.
What is modelling?
From the observers perspective, modelling is imitating the behaviour of a role model. From the role models perspective, modelling is the precise demonstration of a specific behaviour that might be imitated by an observer.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Reinforcement which is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour. This is a key factor in imitation.
Why does vicarious reinforcement effect behaviour?
By seeing an individual getting rewarded for a behaviour means that the person watch them be rewarded is then going to want the same reward and perform the behaviour thus the behaviour is vicariously reinforced instead of directly. The opposite also applies.
What are meditational processes?
Cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response.
What are the 4 mental/meditational processes?
These factors mediate in the learning process and determine whether a new response is acquired:
1.Attention-the extent to which we notice certain behaviours
2.Retention-how well the behaviour is remembered
|These two relate to the learning of behaviour.
3.Motor reproduction-the ability of the observer to perform the behaviour.
4.Motivation-the will to perform the behaviour, which is often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished.
|These two relate to the performance of behaviour.
Unlike trad behaviourism, the learning and performance of behaviour need not to occur together. Observed behaviours may be stored by the observer and reproduced at a later date.
What makes someone more likely to be a role model?
If a person has similar characteristics to the observer an/or are attractive and have high status. Role models don’t need to be physically present in the environment, this has important implications for the influence of media on behaviour.
What did Bandura believe?
Observable learning, which he called modelling, is the most important process in human learning.
What was the 1961 Bobo Doll experiment?
Aim: To investigate whether aggression can be learned through social learning theory principles.
Method: 72 children (36 male, 36 female) aged between 3 and 6 years old were put into one of three groups for 10 minutes:
1)AGGRESSIVE MODEL-the child played in a room while an adult hit and shouted at a ‘Bobo doll’. This group was then divided by gender of both child and model.
2)NON-AGGRESSIVE MODEL- the child played in a room while an adult played quietly with a ‘Bobo doll’. This group was also then divided by gender of both the child and the adult.
3)CONTROL GROUP-the child didn’t see a model.
The children were deliberately frustrated by being taken into another room where they were told that they could not play with any toys. Then they were placed alone in a room with a range of aggressive toys (mallet , gun) and non-aggressive toys (dolls, crayons) and the Bobo doll for 20 mins while being observed.
Results: Children who saw the aggressive model produced more aggressive acts than those in either of the other two groups. Boys imitated same-sex models more than girls. Girls imitated more physical aggression gif they saw a male models, and more physical aggression if they saw male models, and more verbal aggression if they saw female models.
What was the conclusion Bandura reached from the Bobo Doll experiment (1961)
Aggressive behaviour can be learned, in children, through observation and imitation of a model.
What was Bandura and Richard Walters’ 1963 Bobo Doll experiment?
Aim: To investigate how media affects our behaviour and if vicarious reinforcement has any involvement.
Method: same as before only children were shown models on tape rather than in real life. Then they took it further by praising some adults for their violence and punishing others. then tech control group saw no response to the violence.
Results:The first group of children showed higher levels of aggression, followed by the third group and then the second.
