Scientists Flashcards
1
Q
Leonardo da Vinci
A
gay artist and engineer
- 1st detailed of urinary tract and sexual organs
- 1st known drawing of human embryo
- 1st to study geology: 1st theory of sedimentary rock
- prolific inventor: helicopter design, robot
2
Q
Paracelsus
A
FATHER OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
- big advocate of medical remedies: pharmacy is future of medicine
- invented catalogue of medical remedies
3
Q
Andreas Vesalius
A
FATHER OF MODERN ANATOMY
- wrote most detailed anatomical book of his time De Humani Corporis Fabrica
- 1st real accurate anatomy leading to accurate physiology
4
Q
Nicholaus Copernicus
A
FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
- 1st to see lunar eclipse and formulate theories based on DEDUCTIVE REASONING
- wrote his theories on Comentariolis and On Heavenly Spheres
- first major split between theology and science
- worked 7 point model of cosmology
5
Q
William Gilbert
A
MAGNETISM
- royal physician to Queen Elizabeth
- 1st significant scientific work done in England
- realized the Earth is magnetic to explain working of compass
- 1st experimental scientist of the West- experiments prove validity
6
Q
Sir Francis Bacon
A
1st argument for SCIENTIFIC METHOD
- felt inductive reasoning was best- specific to general
- killed by his own experiment- stopped in snow and caught pneumonia
- thought to be “ghostly “ writer for Shakespeare plays
7
Q
Tycho Brahe
A
fake nose; MOST RENOUNCED ASTROLOGER OF HIS TIME
- found 1st scientific institution of the west
- wrote De Stella Nova- heavens were not perfect and created Tychonic model- earth center sun orbits it and planets orbit sun
8
Q
Johannes Kepler
A
performed horoscopes for the rich
- 1st defense of Copernicus: Cosmic Mystery
- laid foundation of modern optics/astronomy
- proposed 1st 2 laws of planetary motion : elliptical orbits have equal arcs of movement; square of 2 planets proportional to cubes of sun
- sun center of universe, elliptical orbits
- wrote Dream of Moon- 1st science fiction work of time
9
Q
Galileo Galilie
A
1ST MODERN SCIENTIST OF THE WEST
- 1st to state law of acceleration
- 1st to study Inertia in west
- 1st to study frequency of sound
- observed Jupiter’s red spots, Saturn’s rings, Venus’ phases, Moons craters
- condemned by Church for his theories and works defending Copernicus
- invented early thermometer
10
Q
William Harvey
A
FATHER OF MODERN PHYSIOLOGY
- royal physician of King Charles I
- performed dissections, vivisections, and circulatory experiments to determine function of heart and anatomy
- understood heart function pumped blood in a circle/loop pathway
- believed blood transferred vital heart
11
Q
Rene Descartes
A
FATHER OF MODERN RATIONALISM
- set foundation of calculus and precalculus
- did wax experiment to prove a set of principles are used to describe things
- famous for “I think, therefore I am”
- Cartesian coordinate
12
Q
Robert Boyle
A
LAST ALCHEMIST OF HIS AGE, 1st TRUE CHEMIST
- FAHTER OF MODERN CHEMISTRY
- created Invisible College
- wrote Skeptical Chemist-criticizing alchemy of the time
- built 1st known vacuum chamber
13
Q
Margaret Cavendish
A
- duchess of New Castle
- 1ST WOMEN TO PUBLISH SCIENTIFIC MANUSCRIPT
- primarily wrote critiques of science at the time
- 1st to state human beings were animals
14
Q
J.J. Buchner
A
CREATED THEORY OF COMBUSTION
- said matter contains terra piniguis=flammable Earth that made fire
15
Q
Giovanni Borelli
A
1st to suggest comets parabolic flow of paths
- 1st to say the force that holds earth around the sun is the same force that holds Jupiter’s moons around Jupiter only
- wrote a foundations book of kinesiology De Motum Animalium
- 1st to propose mathematical explanation of motion
16
Q
Antonie ven Leewenhoek
A
FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY
- 1st to describe protest and bacteria-spermatozoa
- 1st to observe banding muscles, capillaries, RED BLOOD CELLS
- believed life arose form other life
17
Q
Nicholas Steno
A
FATHER OF EARTH SCIENCES: geology, archeology, and paleontology
- studied sharks tooth and rock layers concluding dead organisms burry under soot
- introduced Original Horizontality principle and Law of Superposition
18
Q
Gottfried Leibnitz
A
Math led to Physics
- developed Bullion algebra
- 1st to discover linear matrix
- developed Law of Conservation of Mass Vis Viva
- made distinction between subconscious and conscious mind
- INVENTOR OF CALCULUS- wrote 1st mathematical paper; but Newton’s friend influence the Royal society otherwise
19
Q
Christian Huygens
A
formulated Newtons second law of motion
- 1st description of centrifugal force and similarity to gravity
- invented pendulum clock and pocket watch
- wrote a book with Romer of Lights
- herald of modern physics: gave others tools to build it up
20
Q
Robert Hooke
A
Boyle’s hands for experiments;
- Curator of Experiments for Royal Society
- Created a vacuum that allowed Boyle to create Boyle’s Law
- Created Elasticity Law
- Suggested fossils were once living things and land changed over time
- FATHER OF MODERN CELL THEORY
- Did extensive study of function and workings of microscope
- Did extensive study on how gravity worked and law of motion, but Newton took the credit for it
21
Q
Sir Isaac Newton
A
MOST INFLUENTIAL SCHOLAR OF HIS AGE
- mathematical view of universe still used today
- researched every math topic known at the time to work out calculus, gravity, and motion
- created ROYGBIV in correspondence with 7 colors and 7 musical notes
- introduced complete theory of reflection and refraction
- built 1st reflective telescope using mirrors not lenses
- said gravity was a UNIVERSAL FORCE
- worked on many things privately due to being accused of stealing others works
- established 3 basic laws of motion: inertia, acceleration, reciprocal action
- used these to set theory of motion and set physics as its own subject
