Scientists

Question 0

Greek physician, postulates that the body is composed of four humors - blood phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile - and their imbalance causes disease

Answer 0

Hippocrates

Question 1

“blood contained in the soul”

Answer 1

Huang Di Nei Ching

Question 2

Greek philosopher, believes that the heart is the central organ of the body. Following dissections of many different animals

Heart is a three chambered organ, even in humans

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Greek, physician, describes the anatomy of the human body and includes a reference to ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ blood from separate ‘channels’ in the body which interconnect.

Answer 3

Galen (Claudius Galenus)

Question 4

Liver as the origin of blood and the kidney as a filter although incorrect in many details, his descriptions formed the basis for all blood circulation studies for centuries

Answer 4

Galen (Claudius Galenus)

Question 5

1492, earliest recorded tranfusion: As remedy for apoplectic stroke suffered by someone, his physician advised a blood transfusion of 3 young boys by crude methods and they all died

Answer 5

Pope Innocent VIII

Question 6

English physician, publishes ‘An Anatomical Exercise on the motion of the heart and blood in animals’ describing in great detail his model for the blood circulation and function of the valves.

“De Motu Cordis”

Answer 6

William Harvey

Question 7

• first successful animal to animal transfusion
• dog to dog
• oxford physician
• experimentsn proceeded to animal-human

Answer 7

Richard Lower

Question 8

First animal to human blood transfusion
His patient is Antoine Mauroy a 43 y/o madman
Used calf’s blood
Chose animal blood because he believed that it is purer than that of human’s
Mauroy survived three transfusions but died with poison by wife

Answer 8

Jean-Baptiste Denis

Question 9

W/ Jean Baptiste Denis transfusion with blood letting in lamb

Answer 9

Paul Emmerez

Question 10

Bleeding bowl with gradiations to measure the amount of blood

Answer 10

John Foster of London

Question 11

To obtain sufficient blood, 20-40 gashes were made in the legs of the patient and was made to stand in a basin of warm water

Answer 11

Scarificator

Question 12

Father of American Surgery

Performed the first human-human transfusion but not confirmed

Answer 12

Philip Sng Physick

Question 13

Performed and published a set of animal experiments that proved that the donor and the recipient must be of the same species

Answer 13

John Henry Leacock

Question 14

First successful human to human transfusin

Answer 14

James Blundell

Question 15

Discovered the significance progress in understanding the basis for the incompatibility between species

Answer 15

Emil Ponfick and Leonard Landois

Question 16

Discovered ABO blood groups
Austrian immunologist
Initial identification of three blood groups ABC(C later named O)

Answer 16

Karl Landsteiner

Question 17

Discovered the fourth blood group, AB

former student of landsteiner

Answer 17

Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli

Question 18

First to perform ABO typing and began compatibility testing

First to suggest inheritance of ABO types

Answer 18

Richard Weil

Question 19

First use of antiglobulin test

Answer 19

Carlo Moreschi

Question 20

French surgeon devised a way to prevent blood clotting
His method involved surgically joining an artery in the donor directly to a vein in the recepient
This procedure not feasible for blood transfusion, paved way for successful transplantation for which he received the nobel prize for

Answer 20

Alexis Carrel

Question 21

Advocated selecting donors by blood group and crossmatching

Answer 21

Ludvig Hektoen

Question 22

Reuben Ottenberg

Answer 22

Demonstrated the importance of compatibility testing in his report of 128 cases of transfusion

Question 23

Proved the inheritance pattern of blood groups

Answer 23

Felix Bernstein

Question 24

Discovered rhesus Rh blood type from his case report of post-transfusion hemolysis in a group O patient who received blood from her blood group O husband

Answer 24

Philip Levine

Question 25

Develop Rh immune glogulin (Rhlg) for the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 25

Ronals Fisher

Question 26

English veterinary surgeon and physicians, described the use of antihuman globulin(The coomb’s test) to identify ‘incomplete’ antibodies

Answer 26

Robin Coombs, Arthur Mourant, and Rob Race

Question 27

It has a double-walled funnel which the outer component was filled with warm water

Answer 27

Blundell’s impellor

Question 28

Lanced multiple times - capillary blood

Answer 28

Gesellius

Question 29

Simpler method for blood transfusion

2 silver cannulas w/ rubber tubing and a compressible bulb in the middle to sustain the flow

Answer 29

James Aveling

Question 30

Perfected a surgical technique for the direct anastomosis of donor artery to recepient vein
Required tremendous skill

Answer 30

Alexis Carrel

Question 31

Experimented with phosphate of soda, first attempt on anticoagulation, tried on 4 patients all died

Answer 31

Braxton Hicks

Question 32

Used in labs as anticoagulant

1% is poison

Answer 32

Sodium Citrate

Question 33

Reported the first human - human transfusion of citrated blood

Answer 33

Albert Hustin

Question 34

Proved that Sodium citrate is not toxic if 0.2% was used even if 2500mL yung transfused

Answer 34

Richard Lewisohn

Question 35

Found out the blood can be refrigiated several days before use

Answer 35

Richard Weil

Question 36

Dextrose + citrate = 2 weeks
Diff to prepare
Only anticoagulant used in WW2

Answer 36

Thomas Rous and Catherine Turner

Question 37

American Army Physician
Permitted the use of stored blood in WW2
Transfused blood to 20/22 ppl = 9 survived

Answer 37

Oswald Robertson

Question 38

Developed by John Freedman Loutit and Patrick Loudon Mollison
Stored up to 3 weeks
Could be autoclaved
Easy to prepare
Small volume ofnpreservative solution

Answer 38

Acid Citrate Dextrose

Question 39

28 days + better red cell survival

Answer 39

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose

Question 40

By Smith that it can prevent freeze-thaw damage

Deep freezing for long term preservation

Answer 40

Glycerol