Scientists Flashcards
Greek physician, postulates that the body is composed of four humors - blood phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile - and their imbalance causes disease
Hippocrates
“blood contained in the soul”
Huang Di Nei Ching
Greek philosopher, believes that the heart is the central organ of the body. Following dissections of many different animals
Heart is a three chambered organ, even in humans
Aristotle
Greek, physician, describes the anatomy of the human body and includes a reference to ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ blood from separate ‘channels’ in the body which interconnect.
Galen (Claudius Galenus)
Liver as the origin of blood and the kidney as a filter although incorrect in many details, his descriptions formed the basis for all blood circulation studies for centuries
Galen (Claudius Galenus)
1492, earliest recorded tranfusion: As remedy for apoplectic stroke suffered by someone, his physician advised a blood transfusion of 3 young boys by crude methods and they all died
Pope Innocent VIII
English physician, publishes ‘An Anatomical Exercise on the motion of the heart and blood in animals’ describing in great detail his model for the blood circulation and function of the valves.
“De Motu Cordis”
William Harvey
- first successful animal to animal transfusion
- dog to dog
- oxford physician
- experimentsn proceeded to animal-human
Richard Lower
First animal to human blood transfusion
His patient is Antoine Mauroy a 43 y/o madman
Used calf’s blood
Chose animal blood because he believed that it is purer than that of human’s
Mauroy survived three transfusions but died with poison by wife
Jean-Baptiste Denis
W/ Jean Baptiste Denis transfusion with blood letting in lamb
Paul Emmerez
Bleeding bowl with gradiations to measure the amount of blood
John Foster of London
To obtain sufficient blood, 20-40 gashes were made in the legs of the patient and was made to stand in a basin of warm water
Scarificator
Father of American Surgery
Performed the first human-human transfusion but not confirmed
Philip Sng Physick
Performed and published a set of animal experiments that proved that the donor and the recipient must be of the same species
John Henry Leacock
First successful human to human transfusin
James Blundell
Discovered the significance progress in understanding the basis for the incompatibility between species
Emil Ponfick and Leonard Landois
Discovered ABO blood groups
Austrian immunologist
Initial identification of three blood groups ABC(C later named O)
Karl Landsteiner
Discovered the fourth blood group, AB
former student of landsteiner
Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli
First to perform ABO typing and began compatibility testing
First to suggest inheritance of ABO types
Richard Weil
First use of antiglobulin test
Carlo Moreschi
French surgeon devised a way to prevent blood clotting
His method involved surgically joining an artery in the donor directly to a vein in the recepient
This procedure not feasible for blood transfusion, paved way for successful transplantation for which he received the nobel prize for
Alexis Carrel
Advocated selecting donors by blood group and crossmatching
Ludvig Hektoen
Reuben Ottenberg
Demonstrated the importance of compatibility testing in his report of 128 cases of transfusion
Proved the inheritance pattern of blood groups
Felix Bernstein
Discovered rhesus Rh blood type from his case report of post-transfusion hemolysis in a group O patient who received blood from her blood group O husband
Philip Levine
Develop Rh immune glogulin (Rhlg) for the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn
Ronals Fisher
English veterinary surgeon and physicians, described the use of antihuman globulin(The coomb’s test) to identify ‘incomplete’ antibodies
Robin Coombs, Arthur Mourant, and Rob Race
It has a double-walled funnel which the outer component was filled with warm water
Blundell’s impellor
Lanced multiple times - capillary blood
Gesellius
Simpler method for blood transfusion
2 silver cannulas w/ rubber tubing and a compressible bulb in the middle to sustain the flow
James Aveling
Perfected a surgical technique for the direct anastomosis of donor artery to recepient vein
Required tremendous skill
Alexis Carrel
Experimented with phosphate of soda, first attempt on anticoagulation, tried on 4 patients all died
Braxton Hicks
Used in labs as anticoagulant
1% is poison
Sodium Citrate
Reported the first human - human transfusion of citrated blood
Albert Hustin
Proved that Sodium citrate is not toxic if 0.2% was used even if 2500mL yung transfused
Richard Lewisohn
Found out the blood can be refrigiated several days before use
Richard Weil
Dextrose + citrate = 2 weeks
Diff to prepare
Only anticoagulant used in WW2
Thomas Rous and Catherine Turner
American Army Physician
Permitted the use of stored blood in WW2
Transfused blood to 20/22 ppl = 9 survived
Oswald Robertson
Developed by John Freedman Loutit and Patrick Loudon Mollison Stored up to 3 weeks Could be autoclaved Easy to prepare Small volume ofnpreservative solution
Acid Citrate Dextrose
28 days + better red cell survival
Citrate Phosphate Dextrose
By Smith that it can prevent freeze-thaw damage
Deep freezing for long term preservation
Glycerol
