Scientists Flashcards
Was an early pioneer in the study of the human major histocompatibility complex or HLA
Jean Dausset
Provided experimental evidence of acquired immunologic tolerance
Milan Hasek
Introduced radioimmunoassay
Rosalyn Yalow
Made crucial discoveries about the structure of immunoglobulins, the first complete sequence of antibody molecule
Gerald Edelman
Discovered IgE as reagins antibody
Kimishige Ishazaka
Discovered that bursa of fabricious is responsible for generating the cells capable of manufacturing antibodies - B cells
Noel Warmer
Were interested in transplantation
E. Doumal Thomas and Joseph Murray
Discovered the adaptive immunity is mediated by lypmohocytes, focusing the attention of immunologists on these small cells
James Gowans
Developed the hemolytic plaque assay and several important immunological theories, including an early version of clonal selection, a prediction that lymphocyte receptors would be inherently biased to MHC recognition, and the idiotype network
Niels Jerne
Pioneered monoclonal antibody production from hybrid antibody-forming cells with Ceasar Milstein
George Kohler
Pioneered monoclonal antibody production with Georgea Kohler
Cesar Milstein
Worked out the polypeptide structure of the antibody molecule, layering the groundwork for its analysis by protein sequencing
Rodney Porter
Discovered the somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes that underlies the generation of diversity in human and murine antibodies and T cell receptors
Susumo Tonegawa
Linked the two theories by showing that humoral and cellular factors were involved in a normal immune response. He observed that humoral or circulating factors called opsonins coated bacteria rendering them susceptible to phagocytosis. This observation gave him the idea that serum factors were formed in response to exposure to foreign substances. He called these serum facctors, antibodies
Almoth wright
Discovered immune response genes and collaborated in the first demonstration of MHC restriction
Baruj benecerraf
Formulated the genetic theory of tumor transplation
Clarence Little
Developed the quantitative precipitin assay, ushering in the era if quantitative immunochemistry
Michael Heidelberger
Provided evidence for identity of the gene for blood group antigens with one gene for tumor resistance in mouse
Peter Gorer
In addition to his discovery of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, introduced the immune phenomenon he studied — that immunity could be transfered from one animal to the other by means of serum
Clemens von Pirquet
Provided evidence that antibodies are gamma globulins
Arne Tiselius and Elvin Kabat
Introduced fluoresence labeling of antibodies
Albert Coons
Introduced adjuvants
Jules Freund
Used skin graft to show that tolerance is acquired characteristic of the lymphoid cells - a key feature of the cional selection theory
Peter Medawar
Proposed the first generally accepted clonal selectuon hypothesis of adaptive immunity
Frank MacFarlane Burnet
Reported that dizygotic twin cattle, which were true chimeras, were immunologically tolerant of each other tissues and serum - description of tolerance (chimerism) in dizygotic cattle twins
Ray Owen
Worked out the genetics on murine MHC & generated the congenic strains needed for its biological analysis laying the groundwork for our current understanding of MHC in T cell biology
George Snell
Developed precipitin test in gels and the idiotypes
Jacques Ouidin
Discovered immunoglobulins as “transporeurs”
Pierre Grabar
Developed double immunodiffusion test in gels
Orjan Ouchterlony and Stephen Elek
Discovered plasma cells as antibody producing cells
Astrud Fargaeus
A key figure in the developments of both microbiology & immunology, accidentally found out that older cultures would not cause a disease in chickens. He subsequently injected more virulent organisms & had no effects on birds previously exposed to the more older cultures. He called this process of making the organism avirulent, attenuation. In this manner, the first attenuated vaccine was discovered & later on he applied the principle of attenuation to the prevention of rabies
Louis Pasteur
Introduced the term phagocytosis after observing foreign objects in a transparent starfish larvae became sorrounded & destroyed by motile cells. He hypothesized that immunity to disease was based on the action of these scavenger cellsz
Ellie Metchnikoff
Developed diptheria & tetanus antitoxins neutralizing diptheria & tetanus toxins. Foundation of serotherapy
Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato
Demonstrated that for an antibody to lyse or destroy bacteria, a second thermolabile factor or series of nonspecific protein substance found in normal human serum causes this phenomenon. He called this nonspecific substance, COMPLEMENT
Jules Bordet
Postulated the cellular origin of antibodies. He said that cells have side chain projections used not only for nutrition but also programmed to release a specific protein during an encounter with an antigen. He called this phenomenon key in lock fashion interaction. He formulated the side chain theory of antibody formation.
Paul Ehrlich
Provided evidence that an immune response could be damaging as well as beneficial by showing anaphylaxis as immunologic reaction. They worked on was of desensitizing animals to the sting of Actinaria, a jellyfish. They were trying to alleviate or suppress allergic or hypersensitivity reaction by injecting the same antigen at increasing doses, instead anaphylaxis developed after the second injection of the same antigen or same glycerin extract obtained from tenticles of the jellyfish.
Charles Richet & Paul Portier
