Scientists

Question 0

Was an early pioneer in the study of the human major histocompatibility complex or HLA

Answer 0

Jean Dausset

Question 1

Provided experimental evidence of acquired immunologic tolerance

Answer 1

Milan Hasek

Question 2

Introduced radioimmunoassay

Answer 2

Rosalyn Yalow

Question 3

Made crucial discoveries about the structure of immunoglobulins, the first complete sequence of antibody molecule

Answer 3

Gerald Edelman

Question 4

Discovered IgE as reagins antibody

Answer 4

Kimishige Ishazaka

Question 5

Discovered that bursa of fabricious is responsible for generating the cells capable of manufacturing antibodies - B cells

Answer 5

Noel Warmer

Question 6

Were interested in transplantation

Answer 6

E. Doumal Thomas and Joseph Murray

Question 7

Discovered the adaptive immunity is mediated by lypmohocytes, focusing the attention of immunologists on these small cells

Answer 7

James Gowans

Question 8

Developed the hemolytic plaque assay and several important immunological theories, including an early version of clonal selection, a prediction that lymphocyte receptors would be inherently biased to MHC recognition, and the idiotype network

Answer 8

Niels Jerne

Question 9

Pioneered monoclonal antibody production from hybrid antibody-forming cells with Ceasar Milstein

Answer 9

George Kohler

Question 10

Pioneered monoclonal antibody production with Georgea Kohler

Answer 10

Cesar Milstein

Question 11

Worked out the polypeptide structure of the antibody molecule, layering the groundwork for its analysis by protein sequencing

Answer 11

Rodney Porter

Question 12

Discovered the somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes that underlies the generation of diversity in human and murine antibodies and T cell receptors

Answer 12

Susumo Tonegawa

Question 13

Linked the two theories by showing that humoral and cellular factors were involved in a normal immune response. He observed that humoral or circulating factors called opsonins coated bacteria rendering them susceptible to phagocytosis. This observation gave him the idea that serum factors were formed in response to exposure to foreign substances. He called these serum facctors, antibodies

Answer 13

Almoth wright

Question 14

Discovered immune response genes and collaborated in the first demonstration of MHC restriction

Answer 14

Baruj benecerraf

Question 15

Formulated the genetic theory of tumor transplation

Answer 15

Clarence Little

Question 16

Developed the quantitative precipitin assay, ushering in the era if quantitative immunochemistry

Answer 16

Michael Heidelberger

Question 17

Provided evidence for identity of the gene for blood group antigens with one gene for tumor resistance in mouse

Answer 17

Peter Gorer

Question 18

In addition to his discovery of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, introduced the immune phenomenon he studied — that immunity could be transfered from one animal to the other by means of serum

Answer 18

Clemens von Pirquet

Question 19

Provided evidence that antibodies are gamma globulins

Answer 19

Arne Tiselius and Elvin Kabat

Question 20

Introduced fluoresence labeling of antibodies

Answer 20

Albert Coons

Question 21

Introduced adjuvants

Answer 21

Jules Freund

Question 22

Used skin graft to show that tolerance is acquired characteristic of the lymphoid cells - a key feature of the cional selection theory

Answer 22

Peter Medawar

Question 23

Proposed the first generally accepted clonal selectuon hypothesis of adaptive immunity

Answer 23

Frank MacFarlane Burnet

Question 24

Reported that dizygotic twin cattle, which were true chimeras, were immunologically tolerant of each other tissues and serum - description of tolerance (chimerism) in dizygotic cattle twins

Answer 24

Ray Owen

Question 25

Worked out the genetics on murine MHC & generated the congenic strains needed for its biological analysis laying the groundwork for our current understanding of MHC in T cell biology

Answer 25

George Snell

Question 26

Developed precipitin test in gels and the idiotypes

Answer 26

Jacques Ouidin

Question 27

Discovered immunoglobulins as "transporeurs"

Answer 27

Pierre Grabar

Question 28

Developed double immunodiffusion test in gels

Answer 28

Orjan Ouchterlony and Stephen Elek

Question 29

Discovered plasma cells as antibody producing cells

Answer 29

Astrud Fargaeus

Question 30

A key figure in the developments of both microbiology & immunology, accidentally found out that older cultures would not cause a disease in chickens. He subsequently injected more virulent organisms & had no effects on birds previously exposed to the more older cultures. He called this process of making the organism avirulent, attenuation. In this manner, the first attenuated vaccine was discovered & later on he applied the principle of attenuation to the prevention of rabies

Answer 30

Louis Pasteur

Question 31

Introduced the term phagocytosis after observing foreign objects in a transparent starfish larvae became sorrounded & destroyed by motile cells. He hypothesized that immunity to disease was based on the action of these scavenger cellsz

Answer 31

Ellie Metchnikoff

Question 32

Developed diptheria & tetanus antitoxins neutralizing diptheria & tetanus toxins. Foundation of serotherapy

Answer 32

Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato

Question 33

Demonstrated that for an antibody to lyse or destroy bacteria, a second thermolabile factor or series of nonspecific protein substance found in normal human serum causes this phenomenon. He called this nonspecific substance, COMPLEMENT

Answer 33

Jules Bordet

Question 34

Postulated the cellular origin of antibodies. He said that cells have side chain projections used not only for nutrition but also programmed to release a specific protein during an encounter with an antigen. He called this phenomenon key in lock fashion interaction. He formulated the side chain theory of antibody formation.

Answer 34

Paul Ehrlich

Question 35

Provided evidence that an immune response could be damaging as well as beneficial by showing anaphylaxis as immunologic reaction. They worked on was of desensitizing animals to the sting of Actinaria, a jellyfish. They were trying to alleviate or suppress allergic or hypersensitivity reaction by injecting the same antigen at increasing doses, instead anaphylaxis developed after the second injection of the same antigen or same glycerin extract obtained from tenticles of the jellyfish.

Answer 35

Charles Richet & Paul Portier