Scientific Skills

Question 1

IV, DV AND CV

Answer 1

IV - the variable that is being manipulated (controlled, selected or changed) by the researcher
DV - the variable that is being measured by the researcher
CV - a variable that is held constant to ensure that the only influence on the dependent variable is the independent variable

Question 2

Population And Sample

Answer 2

Population - the wider group of people that a study is investigating

Sample - the smaller group of people selected from the population who will be participants in the investigation

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

B, IV (experimental), Strength or direction, DV, Comparison, IV (control)

Question 4

Controlled Experiment

Answer 4

An experimental investigation of the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable, in which all other variables are controlled

Question 5

Between-Subjects

Answer 5

An investigation design in which participants are randomly allocated to either the control or the experimental condition

Question 6

Within-Subjects

Answer 6

Investigation design in which all participants in the sample are involved in both the experimental and control conditions

Question 7

Mixed Design

Answer 7

An investigation design that combines elements of a between subjects design and a within subjects design

Question 8

Qualitative And Quantitative

Answer 8

Qual-
Data that describes characteristics and qualities

Quan-
Data that includes measurable values and quantities and can be compared on a numerical scale

Question 9

External And Internal Validity

Answer 9

External - whether the results of research can be applied to similar individuals in a different setting
Internal - whether a study investigates what it sets out or claims to investigate

Question 10

Errors

Answer 10

Personal - mistake, miscalculation or observer error made when conducting research
Systematic - an error that causes readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made
Random - an error that creates unpredictable variations in the measurement process and results in a spread of readings
Measurement - difference between the measured value and the true value

Question 11

Uncertainty

Answer 11

A lack of exact knowledge of the value being measured

Question 12

Tables

Question 13

Graphs