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AP Euro > Scientific Revolution People > Flashcards

Scientific Revolution People Flashcards

1
Q

Planets further away take longer to circle the sun

A

Copernicus

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2
Q

Contradicted Ptolemy’s earth-centered universe

A

Copernicus

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3
Q

Moon revolved around earth; days, years, rotation of axis

A

Copernicus

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4
Q

Built Uraniborg Castle

A

Brahe

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5
Q

Complied detailed record of observations of positions and movements of stars and planets

A

Brahe

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6
Q

Brahe’s assistant

A

Kepler

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7
Q

3 Laws of planetary motion that validated his “music of spheres” theory and Copernicus’ theory

A

Kepler

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8
Q
  1. Rejects Copernicus- orbits of planet were elliptical
  2. Speed of planets are greater when closer to the sun
  3. Planets w larger orbits revolve at slower average velocity
A

Kepler

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9
Q

First European to make systematic observations by means of telescope

A

Galileo

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10
Q

Looked at moon through telescope; saw mountains and craters

4 moons revolving Jupiter, phases of Venus and sunspots

A

Galileo

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11
Q

Supported Copernicus’ thesis,

church became mad

A

Galileo

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12
Q

Church was against Copernican system bc it threatened Scripture & entire concept of universe

A

Galileo’s time

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13
Q

Contributed to laws of motion

A

Galileo

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14
Q
  1. If uniform force was applied to an object, it would move at an accelerated speed rather than a constant speed
A

Galileo

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15
Q
  1. Inertia- body in motion remains in motion unless deflected/stopped by an external force
A

Galileo

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16
Q

Principia Mathematica

A

Newton

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17
Q

Laws of Motion

A

Newton

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18
Q
  1. Every object continues in a straight line unless deflected by a force
A

Newton

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19
Q
  1. Rate of change of motion of an object is proportional to the force acting on it
A

Newton

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20
Q

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction/ force

A

Newton

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21
Q

Theory that the Universe was one, huge, regulated, and uniform machine that operated according to natural laws in absolute time, space, and motion, w/ God at the controls

A

Newton

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22
Q

2 natural philosophers

A

Descartes and Bacon

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23
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Rene Descartes

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24
Q

The Discourse on Method

A

Descartes

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25
Q

“I think, therefore I am”

A

Descartes

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26
Q

Concept of:
There is a great deal of doubt while one is learning, but one can believe things to be true if his/her SELF says they are true

A

Descartes

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27
Q

Who came up with Cartesian Dualism?

A

Descartes

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28
Q

Mind and reasoning used with certain knowledge, humans can understand the material world bc it is pure mechanism, governed by physical laws, created by God

A

Cartesian Dualism

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29
Q

Rationalism

A

Long chains of reasoning; DESCARTES

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30
Q

Emphasized deductions and mathematical order to prove things

A

Descartes

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31
Q

Scientific Method

A

Francis Bacon

32
Q

Novum Organum

33
Q

The Great Instauration

34
Q

People could understand the natural world for the purpose of reconstructing all human knowledge, based for on the proper foundations

35
Q

Who started/ is the father of Empiricism?

36
Q

Supported monarchy

37
Q

The Leviathan

38
Q

Men are selfish and greedy by nature

A

Thomas Hobbies

39
Q

Theory that all knowledge is is derived from sense-experience, cannot be denied bc senses say they are true

40
Q

“Dangers of anarchy are greater than the dangers of tyranny”

41
Q

Thomas Hobbies vs. ____________

A

John Locke

42
Q

Supported democracy

A

John Locke

43
Q

Natural rights of men

44
Q

Second Treatise on Government

45
Q

Government must answer to people

A

John Locke

46
Q

Religion distinguishes humans from beasts

A

John Locke

47
Q

People in chemistry

A

Parcelsus, Boyle, Lavoisier

48
Q

New chemistry philosophy based on understanding of nature through fresh observation and experiment

49
Q

In his model, humans were smaller replica of the smaller world

50
Q

Diseases were caused by chemical imbalances localized in specific organs

51
Q

Against the idea of “contraries cures”

52
Q

Small amounts of poison used to cure people

A

Contraries cures

53
Q

Father of Modern Medicine

54
Q

First to conduct controlled experiments

A

Robert Boyle

55
Q

Volume of gas varies with pressure exerted on it

A

Robert Boyle

56
Q

Matter is composed of atoms

57
Q

Named chemical elements

58
Q

Fundamental rules of chemical compounds

59
Q

Founder of Modern Chemistry

A

Antoine Lavoisier

60
Q

Name the 2 people that pioneered Medicine and Anatomy

A

Vesalius and William Harvey

61
Q

Believed practice researched was needed to understand human anatomy

62
Q

Personally dissected a body

63
Q

Created an illustrated book of anatomy

64
Q

Published “on the motion of heart and blood”

65
Q

Demonstrated that heart was the beginning point of blood

66
Q

Blood flows in veins and arteries and makes a complete circuit

67
Q

Laid foundation for modern physiology

68
Q

French scientist who sought to keep science and religion united

69
Q

Wager: Better bet to believe God exists and to stake everything on His promised mercy than not to do so

70
Q

Only woman invited to Royal Society in London, complained that they were more fascinated w “toys” than solving problems

A

Margret Cavendish

71
Q

Worked with astronomer husband, and published a book about astronomy

A

Maria Cunitz

72
Q

Discovered a comet

A

Maria Winkelmann

73
Q

Established calendar for Berlin Academy of Scientists

A

Winkelmann

74
Q

When her husband died, she tried to gain entrance into academy by guild tradition, but was denied admission

A

Winkelmann

75
Q

Heliocentric model / epicycles

A

Copernicus

AP Euro (3 decks)

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