scientific revolution/enlightment Flashcards

1
Q

Geocentric Theory

A

earth-centered view of the universe

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2
Q

Heliocentric Theory

A

Sun is the center of the universe

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3
Q

Copernicus

A

He believed that the Sun is at the center of the Universe, and all the planets revolve around the Sun in a circular pattern.

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4
Q

Galileo

A

This scientist proved Copernicus’ theory that the sun was the center of the solar system with proof and evidence

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5
Q

Bacon

A

developed the scientific method

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6
Q

Newton

A

Defined the laws of motion and gravity.

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7
Q

Brahe

A

Danish astronomer who collected data (math) to prove that Copernicus was correct

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8
Q

Kepler

A

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (the planets revolve in a oval pattern)

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9
Q

Inquisition

A

Catholic church organization for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy

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10
Q

Heresy

A

the crime of holding a belief that goes against established doctrine

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11
Q

scientifc method

A

scientific procedures used to solve problems and answer questions.

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12
Q

Natural Philosophy

A

An early modern term for the study of the nature of the universe, we call it “science” today.

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13
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

Time period where we began to use science and evidence to understand our world rather than faith and belief

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14
Q

q

A
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15
Q

Aristotle

A

Greek philosopher who supported geocentric theory

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16
Q

Enlightenment

A

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason and logic. Changed our views on society and government

17
Q

Absolutism

A

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

18
Q

Monarchy

A

A government ruled by a king or queen

19
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority

20
Q

John Locke

A

English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights

21
Q

Natural Rights

A

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

22
Q

Social Contract

A

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

23
Q

Divine right.

A

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god

24
Q

Philosophe

A

French philosopher who critiqued society

25
Q

Voltaire

A

French philosopher. He believed freedom of speech and freedom of religion were key rights

26
Q

Montesquieu

A

French political philosopher who advocated the separation powers (3 branches…executive and legislative and judicial powers)

27
Q

freedom of speech

A

the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint.

28
Q

Adam Smith

A

Economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.