scientific revolution/enlightment Flashcards
Geocentric Theory
earth-centered view of the universe
Heliocentric Theory
Sun is the center of the universe
Copernicus
He believed that the Sun is at the center of the Universe, and all the planets revolve around the Sun in a circular pattern.
Galileo
This scientist proved Copernicus’ theory that the sun was the center of the solar system with proof and evidence
Bacon
developed the scientific method
Newton
Defined the laws of motion and gravity.
Brahe
Danish astronomer who collected data (math) to prove that Copernicus was correct
Kepler
German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (the planets revolve in a oval pattern)
Inquisition
Catholic church organization for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy
Heresy
the crime of holding a belief that goes against established doctrine
scientifc method
scientific procedures used to solve problems and answer questions.
Natural Philosophy
An early modern term for the study of the nature of the universe, we call it “science” today.
Scientific Revolution
Time period where we began to use science and evidence to understand our world rather than faith and belief
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Aristotle
Greek philosopher who supported geocentric theory
Enlightenment
A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason and logic. Changed our views on society and government
Absolutism
A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
Monarchy
A government ruled by a king or queen
Thomas Hobbes
believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority
John Locke
English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights
Natural Rights
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Divine right.
Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god
Philosophe
French philosopher who critiqued society
Voltaire
French philosopher. He believed freedom of speech and freedom of religion were key rights
Montesquieu
French political philosopher who advocated the separation powers (3 branches…executive and legislative and judicial powers)
freedom of speech
the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint.
Adam Smith
Economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.
