scientific revolution/enlightment

Question 1

Geocentric Theory

Answer 1

earth-centered view of the universe

Question 2

Heliocentric Theory

Answer 2

Sun is the center of the universe

Question 3

Copernicus

Answer 3

He believed that the Sun is at the center of the Universe, and all the planets revolve around the Sun in a circular pattern.

Question 4

Galileo

Answer 4

This scientist proved Copernicus’ theory that the sun was the center of the solar system with proof and evidence

Question 5

Bacon

Answer 5

developed the scientific method

Question 6

Newton

Answer 6

Defined the laws of motion and gravity.

Question 7

Brahe

Answer 7

Danish astronomer who collected data (math) to prove that Copernicus was correct

Question 8

Kepler

Answer 8

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (the planets revolve in a oval pattern)

Question 9

Inquisition

Answer 9

Catholic church organization for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy

Question 10

Heresy

Answer 10

the crime of holding a belief that goes against established doctrine

Question 11

scientifc method

Answer 11

scientific procedures used to solve problems and answer questions.

Question 12

Natural Philosophy

Answer 12

An early modern term for the study of the nature of the universe, we call it “science” today.

Question 13

Scientific Revolution

Answer 13

Time period where we began to use science and evidence to understand our world rather than faith and belief

Question 14

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Question 15

Aristotle

Answer 15

Greek philosopher who supported geocentric theory

Question 16

Enlightenment

Answer 16

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason and logic. Changed our views on society and government

Question 17

Absolutism

Answer 17

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

Question 18

Monarchy

Answer 18

A government ruled by a king or queen

Question 19

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 19

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority

Question 20

John Locke

Answer 20

English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights

Question 21

Natural Rights

Answer 21

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

Question 22

Social Contract

Answer 22

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Question 23

Divine right.

Answer 23

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god

Question 24

Philosophe

Answer 24

French philosopher who critiqued society

Question 25

Voltaire

Answer 25

French philosopher. He believed freedom of speech and freedom of religion were key rights

Question 26

Montesquieu

Answer 26

French political philosopher who advocated the separation powers (3 branches...executive and legislative and judicial powers)

Question 27

freedom of speech

Answer 27

the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint.

Question 28

Adam Smith

Answer 28

Economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.