scientific revolution and enlightenment vocab

Question 1

used math to carefully record the pattern in which planets move

Answer 1

Brahe

Question 2

concluded that planets circle the sun in an eliptical

Answer 2

Kepler

Question 3

invented barometer

Answer 3

Torricelli

Question 4

first person to study corpses and draw detailed pictures of veins, muscles, and organs

Answer 4

Vesalius

Question 5

developed the scientific method

Answer 5

Bacon

Question 6

created analytical geometry

Answer 6

Descartes

Question 7

invented the microscope

Answer 7

Janssen

Question 8

first to see bacteria and red blood cells under a microscope

Answer 8

Leewenhoek

Question 9

idea that Earth was the center of the universe

Answer 9

geocentric theory

Question 10

new way of thinking about the natural world that was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs

Answer 10

scientific revolution

Question 11

idea that the sun is at the center of the universe

Answer 11

heliocentric theory

Question 12

father of heliocentric theory

Answer 12

Copernicus

Question 13

built a telescope to study the universe in 1609

Answer 13

Galileo Galilei

Question 14

logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

Answer 14

scientific method

Question 15

published the law of gravity

Answer 15

Newton

Question 16

invented the thermometer that showed freezing at 32 degrees

Answer 16

Fehrenheit

Question 17

invented a scale for a thermometer that showed freezing at 0 degrees

Answer 17

Celsius

Question 18

used cowpox to create the world’s first smallpox vaccine

Answer 18

Jenner

Question 19

pioneered the use of scientific method in chemistry

Answer 19

Boyle

Question 20

Intellectual movement that stressed reason, thought, and power of the individuals to solve problems

Answer 20

Enlightenment

Question 21

theory created by Thomas Hobbes in which a ruler needs total power to keep citizens under control and to have law and order

Answer 21

social contract

Question 22

theory created by John Locke in which he criticized absolute monarchy and favored the idea of self government to protect three natural rights - life, liberty, and property

Answer 22

natural rights

Question 23

the french word for philosophers

Answer 23

philosophes

Question 24

his writings pushed for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech

Answer 24

Voltaire

Question 25

wrote a book that pushed for separation of powers and checks and balances that became the basis for the constitution

Answer 25

Montesquieu

Question 26

believed that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided the “general will” of society - a direct democracy

Answer 26

Rousseau

Question 27

believed in the abolishment of torture

Answer 27

Beccaria

Question 28

Believed in women’s equality

Answer 28

Wallstonecraft

Question 29

social gatherings in large drawing rooms in which philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, and other great intellects met to discuss ideas

Answer 29

salons

Question 30

created the first encyclopedia

Answer 30

Diderot

Question 31

new style of European art of the late 1600s and early 1700s characterized by a grand, ornate design, even in architecture like Versailles

Answer 31

baroque

Question 32

absolute rulers who embraced the reforms of the enlightenment

Answer 32

enlightened despots