Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment People

Question 1

Thomas Hobbes -

Answer 1

Malmesbury, United Kingdom. quantitative physics. 1651 book Leviathan, in which he expounds an influential formulation of social contract theory.

Question 2

John Locke -

Answer 2

Wrington, United Kingdom. empiricism and political liberalism. Pioneered the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution.

Question 3

Voltaire -

Answer 3

Paris, France. Philosophy. Published numerous works, including books, plays, poems, and polemics.

Question 4

Nicolae Copernicus -

Answer 4

He is from Toruń, Poland he studied polish astronomy. He was the first European scientist to propose that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, the heliocentric theory of the solar system.

Question 5

Johannes Kepler -

Answer 5

He is from Weil der Stadt, German he studied mathematics and astronomy. He discovered that the Earth and planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits.

Question 6

Galileo Galilei -

Answer 6

He was from Pisa, Italy he studied physics, astronomy, and the methodology of science. His inventions, from compasses and balances to improved telescopes and microscopes, revolutionized astronomy and biology.

Question 7

Francis Bacon -

Answer 7

York House, London, United Kingdom, natural philosophy, is well known for his treatises on empiricist natural philosophy (The Advancement of Learning, Novum Organum Scientiarum) and for his doctrine of the idols

Question 8

Rene Descartes -

Answer 8

Descartes, France, mechanical sciences, invented analytical geometry and introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method.

Question 9

Isaac Newton -

Answer 9

Woolsthorpe Manor House, United Kingdom, natural philosophy, his work in physics and celestial mechanics, culminated in the theory of universal gravitation.

Question 10

Zacharias Janssen -

Answer 10

The Hague, Netherlands, Spectacle-make, the first investigator to invent the compound microscope.

Question 11

Evangelista Torricelli -

Answer 11

Rome, Italy, physicist, and mathematician, the first man to create a sustained vacuum and to discover the principle of a barometer.

Question 12

Andreas Vesalius -

Answer 12

Brussels, Belgium, anatomy, one of the first physicians to accurately record and illustrate human anatomy based on his findings from autopsies and dissections.

Question 13

William Harvey -

Answer 13

Folkestone, United Kingdom, anatomy and physiology, was the first person to correctly describe blood circulation in the body.

Question 14

Edward Jenner -

Answer 14

Berkeley, United Kingdom, Immunology, an innovative contribution to immunization and eradicating smallpox.

Question 15

Robert Boyle -

Answer 15

Lismore, Ireland, mechanical philosophy, discovered that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure and vice versa

Question 16

Joseph Priestly -

Answer 16

Birstall, United Kingdom. Natural philosophy, theology, metaphysics, political philosophy, politics, education, history, and linguistics, invented carbonated water and the rubber eraser, identified a dozen key chemical compounds, and wrote an important early paper about electricity.

Question 17

Antoine Lavoisier -

Answer 17

Paris, France, Chemistry, discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration, proved the law of conservation, reformed the chemical nomenclature, and named hydrogen.

Question 18

Baron de Montesquieu -

Answer 18

La Brède, France. French Enlightenment. Formulated the principle of the separation of powers, a cornerstone of modern democracy.

Question 19

Jean Jacques Rousseau -

Answer 19

Geneva, Switzerland. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher. invented modern autobiography.

Question 20

Cesare Bonesana Beccaria - .

Answer 20

Milan, Italy. emphasized individual dignity within the criminal justice system. treatise On Crimes and Punishments

Question 21

Mary Wollstonecraft -

Answer 21

Spitalfields, London, United Kingdom. Moral and political. authored A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

Question 22

Denis Diderot -

Answer 22

Langres, France. Enlightenment. l’Encyclopédie

Question 23

David Hume -

Answer 23

He was from Edinburgh, United Kingdom. philosophical naturalism. A master stylist in any genre, his major philosophical works.

Question 24

Immanuel Kant -

Answer 24

He was from Königsberg. Epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics. Kant’s most famous work, the Critique of Pure Reason.