Scientific Revolution

Question 1

Who is known as the father of modern science?

Answer 1

Galileo Galilei

Question 2

What was the major contribution of Nicolaus Copernicus?

Answer 2

The heliocentric model of the solar system

Question 3

What is Isaac Newton famous for in the realm of physics?

Answer 3

The laws of motion and universal gravitation

Question 4

What significant work did Johannes Kepler contribute?

Answer 4

Laws of planetary motion

Question 5

How did the Scientific Revolution alter views on the natural world?

Answer 5

It promoted empirical evidence and scientific method over traditional beliefs.

Question 6

What is Francis Bacon known for in the context of the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 6

Developing the scientific method.

Question 7

Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body?

Answer 7

William Harvey.

Question 8

What instrument did Galileo improve to observe the heavens?

Answer 8

The telescope.

Question 9

What theory did Antoine Lavoisier disprove?

Answer 9

The phlogiston theory of combustion.

Question 10

Who is credited with formulating the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 10

Antoine Lavoisier.

Question 11

How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment?

Answer 11

It laid the groundwork for rational and scientific inquiry in the Enlightenment.

Question 12

What did Tycho Brahe contribute to astronomy?

Answer 12

Detailed astronomical observations leading to Kepler’s laws.

Question 13

What was Robert Boyle’s major contribution to chemistry?

Answer 13

Boyle’s Law regarding the relationship between pressure and volume of gases.

Question 14

What was Christiaan Huygens’ notable invention?

Answer 14

The pendulum clock.

Question 15

What event is often considered the starting point of the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 15

The publication of Nicolaus Copernicus’ “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” in 1543.

Question 16

Which publication is generally considered to mark the end of the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 16

Isaac Newton’s “Principia Mathematica” in 1687.

Question 17

How did the Scientific Revolution differ from the scientific approach of the Middle Ages?

Answer 17

Unlike the Middle Ages, which relied heavily on Aristotelian philosophy and the authority of the Church, the Scientific Revolution emphasized empirical evidence and the scientific method.

Question 18

How did the Renaissance pave the way for the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 18

The Renaissance revived interest in classical knowledge and individual inquiry, setting the stage for the questioning and exploration that characterized the Scientific Revolution.

Question 19

When was the Royal Society founded?

Answer 19

1660

Question 20

Who said “and yet it moves”

Answer 20

Galileo Galilei

Question 21

Summarize Keplers Laws of planetary motion

Answer 21

First Law (Law of Ellipses):
Planets orbit the Sun in paths shaped like ellipses (ovals), not perfect circles.
The Sun is not at the center but at one of the two focal points of the ellipse.

Second Law (Law of Equal Areas):
A line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
Planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun and slower when they are farther away.

Third Law (Law of Harmonies):
The time a planet takes to orbit the Sun (its year) is related to its distance from the Sun.
Specifically, the square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun.