Scientific Revolution

Question 1

Alchemy

Answer 1

The medieval forerunner of chemistry, based on the transformation of matter.

Question 2

Aristotelian Philosophy

Answer 2

A philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of nature and natural law.

Question 3

Brahe

Answer 3

A Dutch astronomer who made the first large collection of detailed observations of the planets and stars. Wrote the Astronomiae Instaurante Progynnasnata.

Question 4

Cartesian Dualism

Answer 4

Descartes’s principle of the separation of mind and matter that enabled scientists to view matter as something separate from themselves that could be investigated by reason.

Question 5

Copernicus

Answer 5

A Renaissance Astronomer whom proposed a helio-centric universe, with six planets, eight spheres, which included the moon and sun/stars.

Question 6

Deductive method/reasoning

Answer 6

The process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logical conclusion, created by Aristotle.

Question 7

Descartes

Answer 7

French philosopher who laid the foundation for scientific method in his book, Discourse On Method.

Question 8

Empiricism

Answer 8

The practice of relying on observation and experiment.

Question 9

Francis Bacon

Answer 9

British philosopher who wrote, The Great Instauration, developing the scientific method.

Question 10

Geocentric Conception of the Universe

Answer 10

The belief that the earth was at the center of the universe and that the sun and other celestial objects revolved around the earth.

Question 11

Ptolemy

Answer 11

A mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importance to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.

Question 12

Galileo

Answer 12

An Astronomer who invented the telescope, wrote the Starry Messenger and Dialouge on the two chief world systems, and developed the concept of inertia.

Question 13

The Starry Messenger

Answer 13

A book written by Galileo which showed his observations of other planets, and how they were similar to Earth.

Question 14

Dialogue On the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican

Answer 14

Written by Galileo, this book includes dialogue between someone who supports the Ptolemaic theory and the Copernican theory. Galileo was put under house arrest for this book.

Question 15

Heliocentric Conception of the Universe

Answer 15

The belief that the sun, not the earth, is at the center of the universe.

Question 16

Hermeticism

Answer 16

An intellectual movement beginning in the fifteenth century that taught that divinity is embodied in all aspects of nature; included works on alchemy and magic as well as theology and philosophy. The tradition continued into the seventeenth century and influenced many of the leading figures of the Scientific Revolution.

Question 17

Inductive Method/Reasoning

Answer 17

A method of reasoning in which a body of observations is synthesized to come up with a general principle.

Question 18

Kepler

Answer 18

A German Astronomer and Scientist who made the laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae

Question 19

Natural Laws

Answer 19

A body of laws or specific principles held to be derived from nature and binding on all human societies even in the absence of written laws governing such matters.