Scientific revolution Flashcards
Did you know?
In the mid-1500s, scientists began to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation.
Such questioning led to the development of the ___________ still in use today.
scientific method.
How do you think in the past people decided if something was true or false?
They referred to an ancient Greek or Roman author or to the Bible.
Do you know how was the medieval view of the universe?
Most scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe.
Do you know what is the name of the theory that earth-centered view of the universe?
Geocentric theory.
The idea came from Aristotle. After that, Ptolemy expanded the theory. In addition, Christianity taught that God had deliberately placed the earth at the center of the universe.
Is the earth the center of the universe?
No.
After studying planetary movements for more than 25 years, Copernicus reasoned that indeed, the stars, the
earth, and the other planets revolved around the sun.
This theory was called Heliocentrism.
What did happen after the discovery of heliocentrism?
Copernicus did not publish his findings until 1543, the last year of his life, because fear. He wrote the book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies.
Over the next century and a half, other scientists built on the foundations he had laid.
Eg. Tycho Brahe , carefully recorded the movements of the planets for many years. Brahe produced mountains of accurate data based on his observations.
How did Kepler’s findings support the heliocentric theory?
In 1601, After studying Brahe’s data, Kepler concluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion.
One of these laws showed that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles.
Kepler’s laws showed that Copernicus’s basic ideas were true. They demonstrated mathematically that the planets revolve around the sun.
Galileo Galilei
He was an Italian scientist, in 1609 he built his own telescope.
In 1610, Galileo announced that Jupiter had four moons and that the sun had dark spots. He also noted that the earth’s moon had a rough, uneven surface.
His law of motion supported Copernicus theories.
Was it so easy to Galileo Galilei?
In 1616, the Catholic Church warned Galileo not to defend the ideas of Copernicus, but he continued his studies.
Then, in 1632 he published a book presenting the ideas of both Copernicus and Ptolemy, but it clearly showed that Galileo supported the Copernican theory.
The pope angrily summoned Galileo to Rome to stand trial before the Inquisition. Galileo stood before the court in 1633. Under the threat of torture, he knelt before the cardinals and read aloud a signed confession. In it, he agreed that the ideas of Copernicus were false.
What happened next to Galileo Galilei?
Galileo was never again a free man. He lived under house arrest and died in 1642 at his villa near Florence.
Scientific revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a time where people really started thinking about what went on in the world instead of basing everything out off religion.
Scientific method
The revolution in scientific thinking that Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo began eventually developed into a new approach to science called the scientific method.
The scientific method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.
What are the steps of scientific method?
It begins with a problem or question arising from an observation. Scientists next form a hypothesis, or unproved assumption. The hypothesis is then tested in an experiment or on the basis of data. In the final step, scientists analyze and interpret their data to reach a new conclusion. That conclusion either confirms or disproves the hypothesis.
How did the Scientific Revolution have an impact beyond the realm of science?
Developed a new way to think about the natural world and how inventions started to work.
