scientific rationale for integrated training

Question 1

Human movement

Answer 1

The kinetic chain (human movement system) is made up of three primary systems. The skeletal system (bones and joints), the muscular system (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fascia) and the nervous system (peripheral and central nerves).

Question 2

Nervous system

Answer 2

One of the primary organ systems in the body. Is a combination of billions of cells that communicate with one another in a network within the body. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the spinal cord and brain. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that connect the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the human body.

Question 3

Sensory function

Answer 3

The ability of the nervous system to notice changes in their external or internal environment. This is one of the three main functions of the nervous system.

Question 4

Integrative function

Answer 4

The ability that the nervous system has to interpret and analyze sensory information. This allows for adequate decision-making and producing the correct response.

Question 5

Motor function

Answer 5

This is the neuromuscular (Muscular and nervous system) response to sensory information. For example your body’s response by muscular contraction when you touch burning hot metal.

Question 6

Proprioception

Answer 6

This is the cumulative sensory input to the CNS (Central nervous system) from all of the various mechanoreceptors that can sense limb movement and body position. Proprioception training improves coordination, posture, and balance.

Question 7

Neuron

Answer 7

This is the functional unit of the nervous system. Neuron’s transmit impulses through chemical and electrical signals. Neuron’s form the core of the spinal cord, brain and peripheral ganglia that make up the nervous system. A neuron has three main parts: Cell body, axon, and dendrites

Question 8

Sensory neurons (afferent)

Answer 8

This is a type of nerve cell that conducts impulses to the central nervous system from a sense organ.

Question 9

Interneurons

Answer 9

Interneurons send nerve in pulses between one another.

Question 10

Motor neurons (efferent)

Answer 10

This is a type of nerve cell that sends impulses to glands, muscles and other effectors. Stimulates muscle contraction to initiate movement.

Question 11

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

Answer 11

The CNS or central nervous system is made up of your brain and spinal cord. The PNS or peripheral nervous system branches out from your central nervous system to connect it with the rest of your body.

Question 12

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

Specialized receptors that respond to pressure inside of tissues and transmit signals through sensory nerves. These respond to forces such as motion, sound waves, pressure, stretching and touch. It can sense the various distortions in the human body.

Question 13

Muscle spindles

Answer 13

These are sensory receptors that sit parallel to muscular fibers. These special spindles are able to detect the length of a muscle and how fast it changes length. This helps to regulate the contraction of muscles by way of the stretch reflex mechanism. Its purpose is to help prevent and protect over stretching that could lead to muscular damage.

Question 14

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 14

Golgi tendon organs: Golgi tendon organs or GTO is another type of specialized sensory receptor. They are found where tendons attached to skeletal muscular fibers. These receptors can sense the change in muscular tension and the rate that this tension changes. When you activate the Golgi tendon organ it will cause a muscle to relax. This is to help prevent injury from excess stress and contraction.

Question 15

Joint receptors

Answer 15

These receptors are located around the joint capsule. They respond to acceleration, deceleration, and pressure at the joint. They are able to sense extreme joint positions and send signals in order to prevent injuries.

Question 16

Skeletal system

Answer 16

This is the body’s framework that is comprised of joints and bones. It provides the focus and shapes for bodies. It also creates blood for the human body and stores minerals. The functionality, growth, and maturation of the skeletal system can be affected by activity, nutrition, and posture.

Question 17

Bones

Answer 17

Provide protection for vital organs and a resting place for muscles

Question 18

Joints

Answer 18

These are the junctions for muscles, bones and connective tissues where movement occurs. It is also known as articulation.

Question 19

Axial skeleton

Answer 19

The area of the skeletal system that contains the rib cage, skull, and vertebral column. It consists of 80 bones.

Question 20

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 20

This is the area of the skeletal system that consists of the lower and upper extremities. It’s basically the legs, arms, appendage in appendicular. This contains 126 bones.

Question 21

Remodeling

Answer 21

This is the process of formation and resorption of bone. Is the process where the older bone is broken down and taken away by osteoclasts and new bone is made to replace it with cells called osteoblasts.

Question 22

Osteoclasts

Answer 22

The cells that help remove bone tissue.

Question 23

Osteoblasts

Answer 23

The cells that help create new bone tissue

Question 24

Epiphysis

Answer 24

located at the end of long bones and a place that contains a large portion of red marrow involved in the production of red blood cells. This is one of the main locations for bone growth

Question 25

Diaphysis

Answer 25

This is the long portion of the bone that is considered the shaft. It is much more compact and strong

Question 26

Epiphyseal plate:

Answer 26

This is the area of the long bone that connects the epiphysis to the diaphysis. This is a dividing layer of cartilage in cells that grow lengthwise to create the diaphysis

Question 27

Periosteum

Answer 27

This is the dense and fibrous outer layer where muscles attach and a more delicate layer inside that can create bone.

Question 28

Medullary Cavity

Answer 28

This is the location where bone marrow is stored and where blood cell formation happens. Is a small cavity that is located in the shaft of the bone.

Question 29

Articular Cartilage (Hyaline)

Answer 29

This is the inelastic, flexible yet firm type of connective tissue that is located at the end of bones at the joint.

Question 30

Depressions

Answer 30

These are flat areas of a bone.

Question 31

Processes

Answer 31

This is a part of the bone where ligaments in muscle attach.

Question 32

Vertebral column

Answer 32

Made up of 24 bones that create the spinal column. There are 5 lumbar, 12 thoracic and 7 cervical.

Question 33

Arthrokinematics

Answer 33

This is the description of joint surfaces when bones are put through a range of motion.

Question 34

Synovial joints

Answer 34

These are joined bones that have a fibrous joint capsule. These joints produce synovial fluid that kind of looks like egg whites to protect the joints. Approximately eighty percent of joints in the human body are synovial joints.

Question 35

Non-synovial joints

Answer 35

These are joints that are non-movable and exclude the joint cartilage, capsule, and ligaments. Mostly found in the distal joint of the fibula and tibia as well as the skull.

Question 36

Ligaments

Answer 36

This is what connects bones to other bones and helps joint support.